GRAPE 431 



ferred by many. j\Ioore (Moore Early) has beeil our best very early 

 black variety, bat is likely to be superseded by CampbeU, which is a 

 stronger vine, more productive, bunches larger, fruit of better quality, 

 and of superior keeping qualities, making it valuable for shipping pur- 

 poses. Catawba, Delaware, and Brighton are among the best red 

 varieties, although Agawam and Salem are much used. Winchell 

 (Green Mountain) is the best early white variety, and in most sections 

 Niagara, a late white sort, does well. Diamond (Moore Diamond) is a 

 white grape of better quality than Niagara. 



Grapes under glass (S. W. Fletcher). 



The European grapes rarely thrive out of doors in eastern America. 

 Grape houses are necessary, with or without artificial heat. Fruit for 

 home use may be grown very satisfactorily in a cold grapery (without 

 artificial heat). A simple lean-to against the south side of a building 

 or wall is cheap and serviceable. When a separate building is desired, 

 an even-span house running north and south is preferable. There is 

 no advantage in having a curved roof, except as a matter of looks. A 

 compost of four parts rotted turf to one of manure is laid on a sloping 

 cement bottom outside the house, making a border 12 feet wide and 2 

 feet deep. The cement may be replaced with rubble on well-drained 

 soils, but it is a poor makeshift. Every three years the upper 6 inches 

 of the border should be renewed with manure. The border inside the 

 house is prepared likewise. Two-year-old potted vines are planted 

 about 4 feet apart in a single row. Part of the roots go through a 

 crevice in the wall to the outer border and part remain inside; or all 

 may go outside if the house is desired for other purposes. One strong 

 cane is trained to a wire trellis hanging at least 18 inches from the glass, 

 and is cut back to 3 feet the first year, 6 the second, and 9 the third. 

 Do not be in a hurry to get a long cane. Pruning is on the spur system, 

 as recommended for arbors on p. 430. The vines are usually laid 

 on the ground for winter and covered with leaves or wrapped with 

 cloth. 



As soon as the buds swell in early spring, tie the vines to the trelHs 

 and start out one shoot from each spur, rubbing off all others. After 

 the berries begin to color, however, it is better to leave all further 

 growth to shade the fruit. Pinch back each of these laterals two 



