28 MEDICINES AND THEIR DOSES. 



oil, iron salts, quassia, gentian or other bitters. Large 

 cattle take double these doses. Sheep and swine, 1 to 4 

 drams; given in mild oils, linseed gruel, milk, &c. An 

 adjuvant medicine is introduced into a prescription to aid 

 the operation of the chief ingredient or basis. 



Valerian. — Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 oz., several times 

 daily, in powder or infusion, conjoined with ginger, gen- 

 tian, or camphor, or dissolved in spirit of ammonia. 



Veratrum Viridi and Album.— (Green and White 

 Hellebore Rhizome.) Of the powder horses and cattle, ^ 

 to 1 dram ; sheep and swine, 20 to 30 grains, every 3 or 

 4 hours, in ball or dilute alcohol. Used externally in the 

 several forms of powder, watery decoction (improved by a 

 little spirit), and ointment, made with 1 part of veratrum 

 to 8 of vaselin or lard. It is occasionally applied with 

 tar or sulphur dressings. 



Verdigris, Blue (Copper Subacetate) is an irritant 

 poison, and is rarely used internally. It is used exter- 

 nally as a caustic, stimulant, astringent, and antiseptic. 



Water is a valuable diluent, febrifuge, and evacuant. 

 It should be given moderately cold and at frequent in- 

 tervals. Except for a few hours previous to great exer- 

 tion, and when hungry, overheated, and prostrated, healthy 

 horses should not be restricted in their water supply. But 

 it must always be given judiciously, especially to the sick. 



Zinc Oxide. — Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 drams, in ball 

 or solution. For external use there are solutions, lini- 

 ments, ointments, and pastes or powders. 



Zinc Sulphate. — As an astringent and tonic for horses 

 and cattle, 1 to 3 drams ; sheep, 10 to 20 grains, in solid 

 or fluid state. As an emetic for swine and dogs 8 to 15 

 grains, in 2 or 3 ounces of water. Externally it is used 

 in powder or solution — 30 to 60 parts of water for the 

 latter. Zinc sulphate, £ oz., lead acetate, 1 oz., water, 1 

 quart, constitute the well-known ' white lotion/ It is a 

 valuable astringent, sedative, and antiseptic. 



