36 MEDICINES AND THEIR CLASSES. 



Rubefacients cause slight redness of the skin and con- 

 gestion. Ammonia solutions, mustard, iodine, mild prep- 

 arations of cantharides, arnica, alcohol, ether, chloroform 

 (if not allowed to evaporate), turpentine and many other 

 volatile oils, with smart friction and moderate heat, such 

 as that from a smoothing iron. The smoothing iron is 

 good for rheumatism and enlarged joints. 



Salines contain a salt or have the properties of a salt. 

 They consist of the neutral salts of the alkalies and alka- 

 line earths, such as magnesium sulphate and citrate, sul- 

 phate of soda, potassium tartrate and bitartrate, &c. As 

 before said, ( magnesium sulphate/ is simply Epsom salt 

 (commonly called ' salts '). 



Sedatives lessen the force and frequency of the heart's 

 action. Aconite, veratrum viridi, and the antimonials; 

 also digitalis, lead acetate, opium, ergot, and topical ap- 

 plications. 



Sialagogues increase the secretion of saliva. Acids, 

 alkalies, ethers, mustard, ginger ; jaborandi, calabar bean, 

 and their alkaloids; mercury, tobacco, iodide of potassi- 

 um, &c. 



Soporifics or Hypnotics induce sleep. Opium, mor- 

 phine, alcohol hydrate, croton-chloral, hyoscyamus, can- 

 nabis, bromides, &c. 



Stimulants. — Ammonium and its carbonate, alcoholic 

 solutions, capsicum, nux vomica, ether, chloroform, oil of 

 turpentine and other volatile oils, aromatic oils, camphor, 

 opium and cocaine in small doses, &c. 



Styptics are astringents specially used to arrest effusion 

 of blood from injured surfaces or vessels. They are (1) 

 matico, tow, lint, or pressure ; (2) most astringents and 

 caustics (which see) ; (3) ergot, digitalis, ether spray, lead 

 acetate, ice, &c. 



Sudorifics. — See ' Diaphoretics/ 



Suppurants inflame the deep seated skin tissues and 

 bring pus. Euphorbia m, eroton oil, tartar emetic, mer- 



