NAVEL AND BELLY HERNIA — FISTULA. 59 



case is recorded wherein the scrotum hung down nearly 

 to the hocks. 



Sometimes hernia follows castration, caused by straining 

 perhaps. Frequently it is congenital, disappearing in from 

 three to six months. It may exist in the fetus (fcetus.) 



Remedy. — Cast, and return the bowel by hand, and if 

 need be by application of ice or refrigerants. If this fails, 

 enlarge constricting ring. Covered castration operation in 

 stallion. 



UMBILICAL (NAVEL) HERNIA 



Is protrusion of a part of a bowel through the navel. 

 It is peculiar to the young, and is common in breeding 

 districts. Many require no treatment at all ; others do, 

 for they sometimes cause death. In serious cases send for 

 a veterinary surgeon. 



Remedy. — Fast for several hours; cast, place on the 

 back, and return the protruded part. Retain in position 

 by stitches, clanvps of wood or iron, skivers or elastic lig- 

 ature. Cantharides blister applied to adjacent skin causes 

 swelling, and in slight cases shuts up opening. 



VENTRAL (BELLY) HERNIA 



Is caused by kicks, staking, the thrust of a horn, or 

 other violence. It is rarely dangerous. When small and 

 recent, the opening is usually closed by a blister. When 

 necessary, after returning the part, cut down and stitch 

 the opening. 



Cases of artificial anus are recorded in both belly and 

 navel hernia. Hernia of the bladder is recorded. It was 

 as large as a man's fist, and was separated from and hung 

 below the scrotum. 



FISTULA, 



A narrow, suppurating canal, may be internal or ex- 

 ternal, superficial or deep-seated, complete or incomplete, 



