INTESTINAL STONES — WORMS. Ill 



avoid purgatives. Use diluents, laxative injections, and 

 anodynes. (For doses, see pages 13 to 29.) 



INTESTINAL AND STOMACH CONCRETIONS 

 (CALCULI), 



Are divided by Prof. Morton into phosphatic, oat-hair, 

 and mixed. The phosphatic are hard, smooth, and pol- 

 ished, . having hard substances (stones, &c.) for nuclei 

 (centers) ; the oat-hair are larger but less dense, having 

 beards of oats, barley, &c, for nuclei; the mixed are 

 composed of phosphatic salts, oat-hair, and fecal and in- 

 digestible matter. They vary in size from mere pebbles 

 to large stones — even 25 pounds. The impassable stones 

 cause irritation and sometimes death. When within reach 

 they may be removed per rectum. Sift the food. Phos- 

 phatic foods and hard water are factors. 



Remedy. — Explore rectum; use long injection tube. 

 Avoid active purgatives. Morphine and atrophine hypo- 

 dermically for spasm and pain. 



For doses, see pages 13 to 29. 



WORMS (INTESTINAL). 



Four kinds are peculiar to the horse. 1. The ' Ascaris 

 lumbricoides/ resembling the common earth worm, inhab- 

 its the small intestines. It is round, nearly as large as 

 the little finger, and varies in length from three or four 

 inches to a foot or even two feet. It is white or reddish- 

 white in color. Usually only one is passed at a time, but 

 150 have been known to pass in a week. Chabert found 

 14 pounds in one horse. 



2. The ' Ascaris vermicularis/ a lively, needle -like 

 worm, inhabits the large intestines. It is perhaps the most 

 pernicious of the four kinds. It is from one-half to three 

 inches long. The head is obtuse, the tail sharp pointed. 

 There is a semi-transparent and a black variety. 



3. The ' Strongylus ' is similar in size to the red worm 



