BLADDER DISORDER. 119 



yards, to insure urination. Place sheep on buttocks ; the 

 sandy deposits in the urethra are gradually moved by ma- 

 nipulation. Where the canal is hopelessly blocked, it must 

 be opened either at the ischial arch or by amputation of 

 the penis. Lithotomy (cutting for stone) in the horse and 

 ox and lithotripsy (triturating or powdering) in mare or 

 cow, the only means of removing large cystic stones. 

 For doses, see pages 13 to 29. 



INFLAMMATION OR CATARRH OF THE BLAD- 

 DER (CYSTITIS), 



Is usually caused (1) by foreign bodies, such as calculi 

 and morbid growths ; (2) by irritating medicines — can- 

 tharides, &c. ; (3) retention of urine. 



Symptoms. — Restlessness; paddling or repeated move- 

 ing of the hind feet ; occasional whisking of tail ; fre- 

 quent discharge of urine in small quantities ; pain on 

 examining bladder per rectum ; in severe and long-stand- 

 ing cases, where the contractile power of the sphincter is 

 lessened, there may be continuous dribbling of urine ; 

 sometimes more or less constitutional disturbance and 

 fever ; sometimes subacute or chronic cases, which are 

 often indicated by pus and other cell structures in the 

 urine. 



Remedy. — Oleaginous laxatives, aconite, calomel abate 

 fever. Bleeding, followed by above sedatives, in early 

 stages, for acute pain and fever. Belladonna, internally 

 in clyster, and suppository in vagina, for irritation. Soft- 

 ening anodyne injections ; hyoscyamus, opium. Rugs 

 wrung out of boiling water, or fresh sheep skins to loins. 

 Mashes, linseed, boiled barley, diluents. Potassium bicar- 

 bonate, or other alkalies internally when urine is acid or 

 acrid. Benzoic or boric acid, sulphites, borax, sulpho- 

 carbolates, eucalyptus oil when urine alkaline, fermenting, 

 Or fetid. Syringe female bladder with alkaline solutions 

 when urine acrid ; when fetid, with boro-glycerine cr 



