VARIOUS DISORDERS. 



Imperforate Anus (absence of anus), occurs mostly in 

 calves. Sometimes the opening is closed with skin. Some- 

 times the anus itself is perfect, but near the external 

 orifice there is a membranous partition. Sometimes the 

 large intestine may terminate in a ' cul-de-sac ' (having 

 one end open only). In the first and second cases, open 

 with crucial incisions. In the third, try to reach the 

 blind end and open it. Then sew the edges of the opened 

 end to the edges of the cutaneous incision. 



Distention of the Rectum with hard pellets of me- 

 conium (fetal excrements) is sometimes so serious as to 

 necessitate their removal by the oiled finger. 



Piles may be removed sometimes by ligature or other- 

 wise. Soft food and an occasional laxative to counteract 

 constipation. 



Prolapsus Ani differs from rupture in that the pro- 

 trusion is through the natural anal opening and consists 

 chiefly of mucous membrane. It results from violent 

 straining, labor pains, or obstruction to the flow of urine. 

 The protruded rectum may become strangulated, take on 

 a bright red hue, and subsequently, owing to effusion, 

 become very much enlarged ; then cold and of a purple 

 color. 



Remove the cause of the straining, wash the bowel with 

 cold water, and return the part carefully by pressure. If 



