SIMPLE OR CURABLE PNEUMONIA. 261 



cautiously, as the parasites can stand more perhaps than 

 the calves. 



PNEUMONIA (Inflammation of the Lungs), 



Is not common in cattle as a distinct disease, being 

 usually associated with pleurisy. Pneumonia must not be 

 confounded with the deadly, infectious, and incurable 

 pleuro-pneumonia already described. Simple, non-infec- 

 tious pneumonia is usually caused by cold, damp or chill. 

 It often takes a favorable turn in 10 days, but death may 

 result in 5, 10, or 14 days. 



Symptoms. — Onset usually sudden and characterized 

 by shivering fits; respirations increase from 16 (about 

 the average normal number) to 40 or 70; pulse 70 to 

 100 (the normal pulse being 40 to 50) ; temperature is 

 raised several degrees (the normal or natural number be- 

 ing from 101.5 to 102. °5); febrile symptoms very mark- 

 ed ; skin dry, parched, hot ; thirst marked ; as a rule — 

 unlike the horse — sinks to the ground ; milk stopped ; 

 breathing harsh and loud — distinguished by applying ear 

 to side of chest ; cough, though sometimes not marked ; 

 bowels constipated ; urine scanty and high colored ; anxious 

 look ; head and neck protruded ; as disease progresses, 

 cough, not often frequent, becomes weak, and blood- 

 stained expectoration may be thrown up, &c. 



Remedy. — Place in well ventilated box or shed. Purge 

 with a fair dose of Epsom salt in a pint of warm water, 

 and drench with solutions of carbonate and also acetate 

 of ammonium and camphor. Digitalis is also sometimes 

 useful. Apply cloths wrung out of hot water to the chest 

 every hour while acute symptoms last. Then blister on 

 one side with mustard and on the other, if it be also 

 affected, with ointment of cantharides or a strong am- 

 monia or turpentine liniment. It is customary to bleed 

 in acute cases, though aconite, in 45-drop doses, is a 

 good substitute for bleeding. In cases that are slaugh- 



