NATURAL BIRTHS, TWINS, ETC. 293 



Malformation of the Uterus is seen in hermaphro- 

 dite heifers, which are generally sterile. 



In a natural birth the fore feet appear first, the head, 

 resting on the fore legs, next. There are many "false 

 presentations," besides which the head of the fetus may 

 be enlarged by water on the brain, or its abdomen may 

 be enlarged by dropsy. Such cases require surgical skill. 



Twins are somewhat frequent. When one has been 

 removed, look for another. They usually lie in reverse 

 positions, one being presented in the natural way, the 

 other with its hind legs first. Twins are usually small, 

 and are therefore delivered without much difficulty. They 

 are apt to become fixed together in the genital passages. 

 In such cases, the state of affairs having been ascertained, 

 the fore legs of the naturally presented calf are to be 

 secured with ropes. These being kept tight, the other 

 calf is forced back into the uterus. The first can then 

 be removed in the natural way. The second will usually 

 follow. | 







Obstructions in the Teats are not rare. In milk- 

 ing the animal, they can be felt as knots along the course 

 of the duct, and the flow will be more or less impeded. 

 These are masses of curdled milk, small tumors attached 

 by pedicles to the mucous membrane, or 'lacteal calculi/ 

 They must be removed, as they tend to produce mammi- 

 tis (inflammation of the mammary or milk glands). This 

 is not always an easy matter. When not removed, they 

 may be returnable to the contiguous sinuses (cavities), 

 where they will often remain without causing incon- 

 venience. 



