INTRODUCTION. 41 



What symptoms are furnished by the extremities and 



the surface of the body ? 



Normally, these have a warm, genial sensation to the sense of 

 feel, and variations of tlie temperature of these in disease are of 

 major imjDortauce. 



In inflammatory processes the ears, the legs, and the surface 

 of the body may be cold — may be deathly cold, as it is termed. 



If they keep cold for a length of time, it is an indication of 

 trouble of a grave nature. 



If there is also present what is called a " cold sweat," the life 

 is in danger. 



What is understood by the terms nosology and nomen- 

 clature ? 



Nosology is the division and classification of diseases ; nomen- 

 clature signifies the naming of the diseases. These are both divis- 

 ions of general pathology. It is desired, in the naming of the dis- 

 ease, that such names chosen shall express the condition present as 

 well as the location ; this, however, is often very difficult. 



The following suffixes and prefixes, etc., are a few of the most 

 common, and may aid in defining and locating various affections : 



In inflammations, the suffix "-itis" is used, as "bronchitis." 



If catarrh, transudation, or a flux, the suffix " -rhoea" is used, 

 as "diai'rhoea." 



If a hernia or rupture, the suffix " -cele " is employed, as ''hy- 

 drocele " (a sac with serum or water). 



If in the blood, the suffix "-amia^is used, as "anaemia,'' 

 " polycythaemia," " hypergemia." 



If in the urine, the suffix "-uria," as " azoturia," " haematuria." 



If hemorrhage, the suffix " -rhagia," as " enterrhagia." 



In pain without inflammation, the suffix "-algia,"as "neu- 

 ralgia." 



The following are some of the prefixes used : 



" A-," "an-," "am-," signifying the absence of a thing, as 

 "anaemia," "anorexia." 



"Ana-," which means up, throughout, or again, as "anasarca," 

 which is "throughout tlie flesli." 



" Cata-," meaning through : "cathartic," to carry through. 



" Dia-," also meaning through, as " diagnosis," a looking 

 through. 



" Dys-," signifying bad, difficult, or painful, as "dyspnoea,'* 

 " dyspepsia." 



