42 PRACTICE OF EQUINE MEDICINE. 



'' Ec-," meaning out, or out from : " ecbolic," a medicine which 

 casts out. 



" En-/' meaning in, or within : "enema," an injection. 



" Endo-," within : " endocardium," within the cardiac sac. 



*' Hyper-," meaning over or above : " hyperinosis," an over- 

 amount of fibrine in the blood. 



" Hyj)0-," below, or under : " hypodermic," under the skin. 



" Hydro-," dropsical condition of apart: " hydro-ijeritoneum." 



" Meta-," from one place to another: "metastatic" inflam- 

 mation. 



" Pneumo-," air in an unnatural part : " pneumo-thorax." 



" Para-," beside of, or near : " parasite." 



"Peri-," around, or about : "periostitis," "pericarditis." 



"Sym-," "syn-," "syl-," " sy-," with, or together: "symp- 

 tom," a falling together ; " synechia," a holding together (an adhe- 

 sion of the iris and cornea). 



What is understood by the term diagnosis ? 



This is a branch of general pathology, and comes from the 

 Greek dia, meaning "through," and gignosko, meaning " I know" 

 — I know through, or a looking through, or a thorough knowledge. 



It is the art of discriminating one disease from another, or the 

 discovery of disease by means of its symptoms. 



What use is diagnosis ? 



We make a diagnosis in order to enable us to prognose, and 

 also to treat the various diseases. 



What is understood by a direct diagnosis ? 



It is a diagnosis made when the morbid condition is revealed 

 by a combination of clinical signs, or some one or more pathognostic 

 symptoms. 



What is a differential diagnosis ? 



It is the art of discovering the disease which is present by a 

 careful comparison of its symptoms with those of other diseases 

 which may closely resemble it. 



What is understood by a diagnosis by exclusion ? 



It is the proving of the absence of all diseases which might give 

 rise to the symptoms observed, except one. In other words, it is a 

 negative proof. 



