110 PRACTICE OF EQUINE MEDICINE. 



According to their character what kinds of rales are 

 there ? 



Rales are either dry or moist. 



According to the situation how are they divided ? 



Into laryngeal, bronchial, vesicular, cavernous, and pleural. 



Describe dry rtles. 



Dry rales are produced when the bronchial tubes are narrowed 

 from a thickening of the mucous membrane, or when the mucus 

 present cannot be broken up by the air. 



They are high-pitched when in the smaller bronchial tubes, 

 and are called sibilant or whistling rales. 



When in the larger tubes, they are low-pitched and are called 

 sonorous rales. The position of dry rales is not influenced by 

 respiration. 



Describe moist rales. 



These are produced by air passing through fluids that are 

 readily displaced by the air during respiration. 



When in the larger tubes, they are termed large huhhli^ig or 

 mucous rales, while in the smaller tubes they are called small huh- 

 hling, mucous, or suhcrepitant rales. 



Moist rales are influenced by respiration, and are thus liable 

 to a change of position as the mucus becomes coughed up. 



What are laryngeal rales ? 



Laryngeal or tracheal rales are those heard over the larynx or 

 trachea, and may be either dry or moist rales. 



Moist rales in this situation are known as death rattles. 



Explain bronchial rales. 



Bronchial rales are either dry or moist. The dry are called 

 sibilant or sonorous, according to the situation; the moist are 

 termed large or small bubbling or mucous rales. 



Describe the vesicular rales. 



This is a very fine sound or series of uniform and fine sounds, 

 and heard only on inspiration. It is called a crepitant rale, and re- 

 sembles the noise produced by throwing salt on a fire, or the rub- 

 bing of a lock of hair between the fingers. 



This rale is heard during the first stage of pneumonia. 



