DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. 115 



gusting odor present. If due to pus in the sinuses, there may be 

 swelling of the bones of the head over that particular part; there 

 will be dulness on percussion, and ofttiraes it becomes necessary 

 to trephine to enable us to make a diagnosis. 



What is the prognosis and duration ? 



It is very often grave, these cases usually taking a long time 

 to recover, should recovery take place at all. 



It may take weeks, months, or possibly years. 



What treatment is used ? 



Ozena is tedious to treat; some cases never get well. If the 

 discharge is from the mucous membrane and there is no pus in the 

 sinuses, inhalations are often very beneficial — tar placed on a shovel 

 that has been heated, or sulphur, or juniper berry may be burned 

 and the animal allowed to inhale the fumes; steam containing 

 carbolic acid, creolin, terebin, etc. 



Peroxide of hydrogen and lime-water (equal parts) may be 

 found beneficial in some cases. 



Injections may be used. A syringe has been invented for the 

 human subject and from which good results have been obtained. 

 Half per cent, solution of carbolic acid, zinc sulphate, nitrate of 

 silver. 



Powders, as iodoform, can be blown into the nose (insuffla- 

 tion). Blister over nasal cavity in some cases. 



If pus is in the sinuses, trephine and allow it to escape; then 

 syringe out the sinuses daily until the discharge has thoroughly 

 stopped. 



Internally, give good food, etc., to build up the system. 



Copper sulphate, one to two drams, in ball. Cantharides, 

 three to five grains, two or three times per day. In other cases, 

 tartar emetic with sulphate of iron, given three times a day for 

 a week or so. 



Do not allow these animals to drink out of a trough where 

 others drink. (A good rule in all cases where there is a discharge 

 from the nose.) 



EPISTAXIS. 



What are the synonyms ? 



Nasal hemorrhage, nose-bleed. 



