DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. 139 



usually). Auscultation in bronchitis, large and small mucous 

 rales coming and going; in pneumonia, Zass of all sound over the 

 affected part. 



In the third stage, on auscultation, vesicular bronchial breath- 

 ing (respiratory murmur harsh); in pneumonia, returning rales 

 {rale redux) — moist rales of various sorts. 



What complications may arise ? 



Most common are pleurisy, laminitis, pericarditis, and oedema 

 of the lungs. 



Pleurisy is often a complication from the start, and receives 

 the name of pleura-pneumonia in these cases; where it is only sec- 

 ondary and a slight pleurisy, it is termed pneumonia complicated 

 with pleurisy. 



In other cases the horse becomes stiffened up (as we call it), 

 the feet become hot, and there are signs of laminitis. 



Pericarditis is apt to set in about the time of crisis. 



The pulse becomes very rapid and feeble, and in some cases 

 we are unable to count the beats. The heart-sounds become 

 muflaed, dyspnoea is great, and the physical signs are generally 

 difficult to make out. 



Give the prognosis. 



This varies, eight or nine out of every ten recovering; the 

 prognosis depends on the condition of the system generally; on the 

 condition of the pulse (a strong pulse being favorable); also de- 

 pends on the appetite (animals with a fairly good appetite gen- 

 erally recover; whereas, the total refusal of food usually means 

 death). 



The prognosis also depends on the heart-clot forming, and on 

 a dilatation of the right side of the heart, or death may occur from 

 gradual heart failure. 



The amount of lung tissue involved does not aid in the prog- 

 nosis, except in cases of double pneumonia, where they are apt to 

 die from direct interference with the respiration; three-fourths of 

 one lung may be involved, and they recover. On the other hand, 

 one-fourth may be involved, and they die. 



CEdema may cause death as well as other complications. 



Outline the treatment of acute lobar pneumonia. 



We should remember that this is a -self -limited disease, which 

 runs its course and is not materially affected by the use of drugs; 

 we must try to assist nature in these cases. 



