150 PEACTICE OF EQFINE MEDICINE. 



The temperature, in the early stages, may rise to 104°, 105'^ 

 or 106° F., but after the effusion has taken place the temperature 

 falls and is often very low; one day it may be 101° F., the next day 

 103° F., and then fall, varying one or two degrees, from about 103°, 

 102°, 101° F. 



The respirations become quickened and catching at first, and 

 are abdominal. 



After the exudation takes place the expiratory act becomes 

 double. * 



There is the so-called pleuritic grunt, which is evinced on mov- 

 ing the animal or turning him short. 



The animal moves as though he were of one piece, as motion 

 produces lancinating pain, shown by this grunt. 



After the exudation is thrown out, there is a peculiar sound 

 heard at the nostrils, which is called the metallic tinMing sound. 



A cough may be present, which is short, dry, tearing, and sup- 

 pressed; one of the most annoying symptoms is the loss of appetite. 



As the effusion accumulates the respirations become more diffi- 

 cult, the double expiratory act more marked, the pulse becomes 

 rapid and weak, and the animal dies from exhaustion. 



Give the physical signs. 



Inspection. — First Stage. — There are catching respirations, 

 which are abdominal, with the body bent to one side. 



Second Stage. — Double expiratory act, while in third stage the 

 walls of the flank heave. 



Peecussion. — First Stage. — At first there is not much change, 

 there usually being resonance. 



Second Stage. — When the exudation and effusion take place 

 there is an alteration; not dulness, as in pneumonia, but flatness, 

 on account of it being a liquid; the line of flatness is uniform, it 

 being on a straight line (horizontal), as liquids seek a level; above 

 this line there is resonance and below it flatness. 



Third Stage. — As the fluid is becoming absorbed the -flatness 

 decreases. 



Auscultation. — First Stage. — There is a roughness of the 

 pleura, and the rubbing of the roughened surfaces together produces 

 a dry friction sound, which resembles the rubbing of two pieces of 

 parchment together. 



