SECTION VI. 

 DISEASES OF THE URINARY SYSTEM. 



DISEASES OF THE KIDNEYS. 



CIECULATOEY DISTUEBANCES. 



EENAL HTPEE^MIA. 



What is the synonym ? 



Congestion of the kidneys. 



Define the condition. 



This is a condition where there is an increased amount of 

 blood in the vessels of the kidney. 



Name the forms. 



There are two forms — active or arterial congestion, and passive, 

 venous, mechanical, or chronic congestion. 



Give the causes. 



Active hypee^mia is caused by traumatism, by exposure to 

 wet or changeable weather, certain drugs, as cantharides, turpentine, 

 potassium nitrate, carbolic acid, etc.; then, again, irritating urine, 

 paralysis of the vasomotor nerves of the kidneys, certain poisons 

 which cause infectious diseases. 



Passive congestion is the result of, or dependent on, diseases 

 of the heart, such as diseases of the valves, diseases of the lungs in- 

 terfering with the circulation; pressure on renal veins by tumors, 

 or in pregnancy or from the presence of thrombi. 



What symptoms are most prominent ? 



In the active form, the animal may be dull, but there is little 

 or no fever, frequent urination, the urine being high colored and 

 containing traces of blood, a large amount of albumin and having 

 a high specific gravity. 



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