DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATOKY SYSTEM. 207 



In the human subject the liquor ammonia acetatis and potassium 

 carbonate are used with good results. 



After the fever is gone, and an effusion is suspected, use iodide 

 of potassium; also blisters externally at this time. In man they 

 often tap, but it cannot accomplish any good in the horse. 



ENDOCAEDITIS. 



What are the forms ? 



Acute and chronic endocarditis. 



Define each. 



Acute endocarditis is an acute inflammation of the lining 

 membrane of the heart and that forming the valves, and character- 

 ized by a loss of continuity or substance in the tissue of the valves 

 and by the presence of vegetations. 



Chronic endocarditis is a chronic inflammation of the lining 

 membrane, characterized by a hardening, thickening, puckering, 

 and deformity of the lining membrane and valve substance. 



Give the aetiology. 



Endocarditis is seldom diagnosed in the horse during life. 



It is rarely a primary disease, it being secondary to rheu- 

 matism (which is rare in the horse), to pericarditis, to pleurisy, 

 to erysipelas, to laminitis, to chorea; it may be caused by infection, 

 cold, and traumatisms. 



What are the symptoms ? 



It is secondary as a rule, and the symptoms are obscure in 

 the horse. 



In man this condition is diagnosed by the physical signs and 

 the history of the case, and even then is difficult in many cases. 



What is the pathological anatomy? 



The membrane becomes reddened, followed by an opaque con- 

 dition, and often the epithelial layer is raised and lost, and the 

 membrane becomes rough, and in these places the fibrine coagulates 

 in patches or layers, which patches or layers are often washed off 

 into the circulation and form emboli, which go to the liver and 

 the spleen (rarely to the lungs), and there form abscesses. 



The tendency is to the formation of vegetations; these warts 

 or vegetations found on the valves are hardened connective tissue 



