230 PRACTICE OF EQUINE MEDICINE. 



azuturia, spinal meningitis, osteoporosis, sunstrolce, fractures, cerebro- 

 spinal meningitis, or in other cases the animal may be a so-called 

 malingerer. 



Define paralysis. 



Paralysis ma}^ be defined to be a condition characterized by a 

 loss of voluntary or involuntary muscular movements owing to de- 

 fective innervation. 



What is hemiplegia ? 



This is a form of paralysis characterized by a loss of power of 

 many of the muscles of one-half of the body. 



What is meant by crossed hemiplegia ? 



Crossed hemiplegia is that form of paralysis characterized by a 

 loss of power of the muscles of one side of the body and those of 

 the face of the opposite side. 



What do you understand by spinal hemiplegia? 



Spinal hemiplegia is that form of paralysis characterized by 

 a loss of muscular power of one side of the body, the muscles about 

 the head being normal. 



Paraplegia signifies what ? 



By paraplegia is meant a loss of voluntary power of one 

 transverse half of the body, the caudal portion being usually the 

 part involved. When the other half is the seat it is called cervical 

 paraplegia. 



Define myelitis. 



It is an inflammation of the substance of the cord itself, char- 

 acterized by a loss of reflexes and a paralysis of the rectum, bladder, 

 and posterior extremities. 



What is apoplexy of the spinal cord ? 



This is a sudden hemorrhage into the substance of the cord 

 and characterized by spasms of muscles or paralysis and sometimes 

 by hsematuria. 



Define polio-myelitis. 



It is an inflammation of the large ganglion-cells of the anterior 

 horns of gray matter of the cord which control nutrition as well 

 as motion of the parts to which the nerves are sent. 



