HISTORY OF CALIFORNIA. 399 



divided, in forming a congressional, senatorial, or 

 assembly district. 



Sec. 31. Corporations may be formed under gene- 

 ral laws, but shall not be created by special act, ex- 

 cept for municipal purposes. All general laws and 

 special acts passed pursuant to this section may be 

 altered from time to time, or repealed. 



Sec. 32. Dues from corporations shall be secured 

 by such individual liability of the corporators, and 

 other means, as may be prescribed by law. 



Sec. 33. The term corporations, as used in this 

 article, shall be construed to include all associations 

 and joint-stock companies, having any of the powers 

 or privileges of corporations not possessed by indivi- 

 duals or partnerships. And all corporations shall 

 have the right to sue, and shall be subject to be sued, 

 in all courts, in like cases as natural persons. 



Sec. 34. The Legislature shall have no power to 

 to pass any act granting any charter for banking pur- 

 poses ; but associations may be formed under general 

 laws, for the deposit of gold and silver ; but no such 

 association shall make, issue, or put in circulation, 

 any bill, check, tickets, certificate, promissory note, 

 or other paper, or the paper of any bank, to circulate 

 as money. 



Sec. 35. The Legislature of this State shall pro- 

 hibit, by law, any person or persons, association, com- 

 pany, or corporation, from exercising the privileges 

 of banking, or creating paper to circulate as money. 



Sec. 36. Each stockholder of a corporation, or 

 joint-stock association, shall be individually and per- 

 sonally liable for his proportion of all its debts and 

 liabilities. 



Sec. 37. It shall be the duty of the Legislature to 



