WHAT IS DARWINISM? 91 



brand the system as Materialism or not. In 

 this sense, all natural science, with the law of 

 causation at its head, is thoroughly material- 

 istic." (p. 32) 



The monistic theory he calls '' mechanical or 

 causal," as distinguished from the dualistic 

 theory, which he calls " teleological or vital is- 

 tic." According to the latter, " the vegetable 

 and animal kingdoms are considered as the 

 products of a creative agency, working with a 

 definite design. In looking on an organism, the 

 conviction seems unavoidable that so skilfully 

 constructed a machine, such a complicated 

 working apparatus, as an organism is, could 

 be produced only by an agency analogous to, 

 although far more perfect than the agency of 

 man." " This," he says, " sujDposes the Crea- 

 tor to be an organism analogous to man, al- 

 though infinitely more perfect; who contem- 

 jDlates his formative powers, lays the plan of 

 the machine, and then, by the use of appro- 

 priate means, produces an effect answering to 

 the preconceived plan. .... However highly 

 the Creator may be exalted, this view involves 

 the ascription to Him of human attributes, in 

 virtue of which he can form a plan, and con- 

 struct organisms to correspond with it. That 



