TURRUCARES AND RIO GRANDE DE TARCOLES 383 



bottom were not different from those I had already found 

 at the top, 550 feet higher. 



Then I walked downstream as far as the clearing extended, 

 climbed a quantity of loose rock and reached the mouth 

 of the Tizate, which descended into the Rio Grande de 

 Tarcoles through a gorge heaped with large boulders, while 

 the caiion side overhung in a way unpleasantly suggestive 

 when one thought of earthquakes. I clambered up the 

 boulders for about a hundred feet to a very flat one, where- 

 from I had a good view up and down the Tizate caiion. 

 The forest here had not yet been cleared and some of the 

 trees were two to three feet in diameter and quite tall. The 

 walls of the Rio Grande caiion here were in part solid rock, 

 in other places conglomerate of moderate-sized boulders in 

 a reddish clay; still higher up above the manager's house 

 were well-shaped basaltic columns. A specimen of rock 

 from the bottom of the caiion proved to be of the same 

 basalt lava as that found along the railroad near kilometer 

 post 34, but less porous (see page 376). The geology of the 

 caiion at Cebadilla has recently been described by Mr. 

 Romanes. The caiion bottom was extremely hot, being 

 shut away from the cooling effects of the wind perceptible 

 at the top. A thermometer on the side of the manager's 

 house registered nearly 94° F. in the shade, at 2.30 P. M. 



Near the houses were some tall Anacardium trees {A. 

 rhinocarpus?) one having a diameter of at least three feet at 

 the ground. They were shedding their fruits, which came 

 pattering down on the galvanized iron roofs making a loud 

 noise when the stone struck the metal. Like its near relative, 

 the maraiion, the fruit has its stone outside the pulp — that 

 is, the edible portion is technically the receptacle. The 

 stone is quite hard, the pulp soft and green within and with- 

 out. I saw the children picking and eaten the freshly fallen 

 fruit, each of which was about two inches long, so later I made 



