THE HEAD. 51 



essentially, inflammation of the brain. It is distin^islied from 

 madness by tliis half-consciousness, and also by his being more 

 dis])osed to bite than he is in pure phrenitis. 



The disease is usually fatal. It rarely lasts more than eight- 

 and-forty hours. 



The i^ost-mortem appearances are, great inflammation uf the 

 brain, with frequent efiiisions of blood. The sinuses are some- 

 times filled Avith coagulated blood. The brain seems to be 

 affected just in proportion to the violence which the animal has 

 exhibited. 



The treatment should consist of copious bleeding, application 

 of ice to the head, blistering the head, and physic. The trephine 

 is scarcely admissible, from the danger of producing greater 

 irritation. 



Sometimes the disease assumes a more chronic form. There 

 is ulceration of the membrane, but not cerebral affection. A pur- 

 ulent discharge then appears from the nose, evidently not of a 

 glanderous character, and none of the submaxillary glands are 

 eidarged. In both the acute and chronic form, it is usually con- 

 fined to one sinus. 



The inner plate of the frontal bone covers a considerable por- 

 tion of the anterior part of the brain, and it is studded with de- 

 pressions correspondmg with irregularities on the surface of the 

 brain. 



Immediately above the frontal, and extending from the frontal 

 to the poll, are the iDarietal bones. They are two, united together 

 by a suture when the aninrial is young, but that suture soon 

 becoming obliterated. They are of a closer and harder texture 

 than the frontals, because they are more exposed to injury, and 

 more concerned in defending the brain. 



A very small portion only of the 'parietal?, is naked, and that 

 is composed of bone even harder than the other part, and with 

 an additional layer of bone rising in the form of a crest or ridge 

 externally. Every other part of these bones is covered by a 

 thick mass of muscle, the temjooral muscle, which is principally 

 concerned in chewing the food, but which, likewise, by its yield- 

 ing resistance, speedily and effectually breaks the force of tlie 

 most violent blow. 



On the side of the head, and under the parietals {d d, 

 Fig. 3), are the temjooral bones, one on each side, //. These 

 again are divided into two parts, or consist of two distinct bones ; 

 the jjetrous portion, so called from its great or stony hardness, 

 and containing the wonderful mechanism of the ear, and the 

 squatnous portion, from the appearance of its union with the 

 parietal, overlapping it like a great scale. 



From the latter there projects a portion of bone, e which 



