102 



MUSCLES, ETC., Of THE HEAD. 



sages must dilate, or he will be much distressed. The expanded 

 nostril is a striking feature in the blood-horse, especially when 

 he has been excited and not over-blown. The nostril should be 

 proportioned to the kind of labor we require from the animal — 

 larger in proportion to the activity of the labor, and the conse- 

 quent liability of being blown. 



Some very powerful muscles proceed from different parts of 

 the face to the neighborhood of the nostrils, in order to draAV 

 them ba'sk and dilate them. Four of these are given in the 

 following cut, which is inserted to complete our present subject, 

 and which will be often referred to in the course of our work ; 

 Z, m, 0, and 2^, are muscles employed for this purpose. 



THE MUSCLES, NERVES, AND BLOOD-VESSELS OF THE HEAD AND 

 UPPER PART OF THE NECK. 



Fig. 12. 



a The upper part of the ligament of the neck. 



b The levator hnmen (elevator of the shoulder), arising from the tubercle of tho 

 occiput, the mastoid (nipple-shaped) process of the temporal bone, and the 

 transverse processes (cross projections) of the four first bones of the neck, 

 and the ligament of the neck, and going to the muscles of the shoulders, and 

 the upper bone of the arm; to draw forward the shoulder and arm; or turn 

 the head and neck; and, when the two levators act, to depress the head. 



c The tendon common to the coinplexna major (larger complicated), and splenins 

 (splint-like) • to the mastoid process of tlie temporal bone, to hold up the head, 

 or, the muscles on one side alone acting, to turn it. 



d The xterno-inoxillarifi (l)elonging to the breastbone) and upper jaw, from tbs 

 cartilage in front of the chest to the angle of tlie lower jaw : to bend the head, 

 or, if one only acts, to bend it on one side. 



« Tho st^/o-maxi/lnris, from the styloid (pencil-shaped) or coracoid (beak-shaped) 

 process of the occiput, to the angle of the jaw : to pull the jaw backward and 

 open it. 



