GLANDERS. 100 



decied together by a corded substance. This is the inflamed and 

 enlarged lymphatic ; and ulceration quickly follows the a})pcar- 

 ance of these buds. The deeper seated absorbents are next 

 affected ; and one or both of the hind-legs swell to a great size, 

 and become still', and hot, and tender. The loss of ilesh and 

 strength is more marked every day. The membrane of the nose 

 becomes of a dirty livid color. The membrane of the mouth is 

 strangely pallid. The eye is infiltrated with a yellow fluid ; and 

 the discliarge from the nose becomes more profuse, and insufiera- 

 bly ofiensive. The animal presents one mass of putrefaction, and 

 at last dies, exhausted. 



There are peculiarities about the enlargement of the submax- 

 illary glands, already referred to, which deserve particular atten- 

 tion. They are rarely large, except at first, or hot, or tender ; 

 but they are characterised by a singular hardness, a proximity to 

 the jaw-bone, and, frequently, actual adhesion to it. The adhe- 

 sion is produced by the inflammatory action going forward in the 

 gland, and the effusion of coagulable lymph. This hardness and 

 adhesion accompanying discharge from the nostril, and being on 

 the same side with the nostril whence the discharge proceeds, 

 aflbrd proof not to be controverted that the horse is glandered. 

 But there are cases of glanders in which the glands are neithei 

 adherent nor much enlarged. 



Glanders have often been confounded with strangles, and by 

 those who ought to have known better. Strangles are peculiar 

 to young horses. The early stage resembles common cold, with 

 some degree of fever and sore throat — generally with distressing 

 cough, or at least frequent wheezing , and Avhen the enlargement 

 appears beneath the jaw, it is not a single small gland, but a 

 swelling of the whole of the substance between the jaw^s, grow- 

 ing harder towards the centre, and, after a while, appearing to 

 contain a fluid, and breaking. In strangles, the membrane of 

 the nose will be intensely red, and the discharge from the nose 

 profuse and purulent, or mixed with matter almost from the first. 

 When the tumor has burst, the fever will abate, and the horse 

 will speedily get well. 



Should the discharge from the nose continue, as it sometimes 

 does, for a considerable time after the horse has recovered from 

 strangles, there is no cause for fear. Simple strangles need never 

 degenerate into glanders. Good keep, and small doses of tonic 

 medicine, will gradually perfect the cure. 



Glanders have been confounded wijth catarrh or cold ; but the 

 distinction between them is plain enough. Fever, and loss of 

 appetite and sore throat, accompany cold — the quiddiiig of the 

 food and gulping of the water are sufficient indications of t. e 

 latter of these ; the discharge from the nose is profuse, and per- 



