f 1 GLANDERS. 



haps purulent ; the glands under the jaw, if swelled, are movt 

 able, there is a thickening around them, and they are tender and 

 hot. With proper treatment the fever abates ; the cough disap- 

 pears ; the swellings under the throat subside ; and the dischargp 

 from the nose gradually ceases, or, if it remains it is usually very 

 different from that which characterises glanders. In glanders, 

 ihere is seldom cough of any consequence, and generally no cough 

 at all. 



A running from the nose, small in quantity, and, from the 

 smallness of its quantity, drying about the edges of the nostril, 

 and presenting some appearance of stickiness, will, in a few cases, 

 remain after severe catarrh, and especially after the influenza of 

 spring ; and these have gradually assumed the character of glan- 

 ders, and more particularly when they have been accompanied 

 by enlarged glands and ulceration in the nose. Here the aid of 

 a judicious veterinary surgeon is indispensable ; and he will 

 sometimes experience considerable difficulty in deciding the case. 

 One circumstance will principally guide him. No disease will 

 run on to glanders wliich has not, to a considerable and palpable 

 degree, impaired and broken down the constitution ; and every 

 disease that does this will run 07i to glanders. He will look 

 then to the general state and condition of the horse, as well as to 

 the situation of the glands, the nature of the discharge, and the 

 character of the ulceration. 



If, after all, he is in doubt, an experiment may be resorted to, 

 which wears indeed the appearance of cruelty, and which only 

 the safety of a valuable animal, or of a whole team, can justify. 

 He will inoculate an ass, or a horse already condemned to the 

 hounds, with the matter discharged from the nose. If the horse 

 is glandered, the symptoms of glanders or farcy will appear in 

 the inoculated animal in the course of a few days. 



The post mortem examination of the horse will remove every 

 doubt as to the character of the disease. The nostril is generally 

 more or less blanched, with spots or lines of inflammation of 

 considerable intensity. Ulceration is almost invariably found, 

 and of a chancrous character, on the septum, and also on the 

 SBthmoid and turbinated bones. The ulcers evidently follow the 

 course of the absorbents, sometimes almost confined to the track 

 of the main vessel, or, if scattered over the membrane generally, 

 thickest over the path of the lymphatic. The sethmoid and tur- 

 binated bones are often filled with pus, and sometimes eaten 

 through and carious ; but, iai the majority of cases, the ulceration 

 is confined to the external membrane, although there may be pus 

 within. In aggravated cases the disease extends through all the 

 cells of the face and head. 



The path of the disease down the larynx and windpipe is easily 



