112 GLANDERS. 



of the- nose, possessed of extreme sensibility for the purposes of 

 smell, is easily irritated by this poison, and close and ill-ventilated 

 stables oftenest witness the ravages of glanders. Professor Cole- 

 man relates a case which proves to demonstration the rapid and 

 fatal agency of this cause. " In the expedition to (iuiberon, the 

 norses had not been long on board the transports before it became 

 necessary to shut down the hatchways for a few hours ; the con- 

 sequence of this was, that some of them were sufibcated, and 

 rnat all the rest were disembarked either glandered or farcied." 



The injurious gasses arising from the dung, urine, &c., in badly 

 wieaned stables, are also powerful sources of the mischief. 



vrlanders may be produced by anything that injures, or for a 

 length of time acts upon and weakens, the vital energy of this 

 membrane. They have been known to follow a fracture of the 

 bones of the nose. They have been the consequence of violent 

 caiairh, and particularly the long-continued discharge from the 

 nosniis, ot whicli we have spoken. They have been produced 

 by me injection of stimulating and acrid substances up the nos- 

 tril, liveiytnmg that weakens the constitution generally will 

 lead lo /i^iandeis. 



Among me causes of glanders are want of regular exercise, 

 over-exeruon. anu the stimulating and debilitating cordials ad- 

 ministered uy senseless grooms. 



Every exciimg cause of disease exerts its chief and worst in 

 fluence on the membrane of the nose, and there is not another 

 disease which niav not lay the foundation of glanders. A long 

 time may elapse oefore it appears, but when at length the whole 

 frame becomes excited or debilitated in some way, this debilitated 

 portion is the tirst to yield to the attack. 



Several strongly marked instances are on record showing the 

 connection between the attack of this disease and exposure to the 

 dampness of brick or stone stables, the walls of which were not 

 yet dry, and in others subject to damp exhalations. 



There is no doubt that glanders, or a predisposition to glanders, 

 is sometimes hereditary. 



Glanders are highly contagious. If the discharge from the 

 nostrils of" a glandered horse is rubbed on a wound, or on a mu- 

 cous surface, like the nostrils, it will produce a similar disease. 

 If the division between two horses were sufficiently high to pre- 

 vent all smelling and snorting at each other, and contact of every 

 kind, and they drank not out of the same pail, a sound horse 

 might live for years, uninfected, by the side of a glandered one. 

 The matter of glanders has been mixed up into a ball, and given 

 to a healthy horse, without effect. Some horses have eaten the 

 hay left by those that were glandered, and no bad consequence 

 has followed : but others have been speedily infected. The 



