140 BLOOD-VESSELS AND VEINS OF THE NECK. 



sometimes bestows a great deal of pains in getting the mane of 

 his horse into good and fashionable order. It is wetted, and 

 plaited, and loaded with lead ; and every hair that is a little 

 too long is pulled out. The mane and tail of the heavy draught- 

 horse are seldom thin ; but on the well-bred horse, the than, 

 well-arranged mane is very ornamental 



THE BLOOD-VESSELS OF THE N'ECK. 



Running down the under part of the neck, are the principal 

 blood-vessels, going to and returning from the head, with the 

 windpipe and gullet. Our cut could not give a view of the 

 arteries that carry the blood from the heart to the head, because 

 they are too deeply seated. The external arteries are the carotid, 

 of which there are two. They ascend the neck on either side, 

 close to the windpipe, until they have reached the middle of 

 the neck, where they sometimes diverge, and lie more deeply. 



The vertebral arteric* run through the bones of the neck, 

 supplying the neighboring parts as they climb, and at length enter 

 the skull at the large hole in the occipital bone, and ramily 

 on and supply the brain. 



It is rarely or never necessary to bleed from an artery. If an 

 artery is opened in the direction in which it runs, there is usually 

 great difficulty in stopping the bleeding, and it is sometimes ne- 

 cessary to tie the vessel to accomplish this : if cut across, it re- 

 tracts, and after the first gush of blood, no more is obtained. 



THE VEINS OF THE NECK. 



The external veins which return the blood from the head to 

 the heart are the jugulars. The horse has but one on either 

 side. The human being and the ox have two. The jugular 

 takes its rise from the base of the skull ; it then descends, receiv- 

 ing other branches in its way towards the angle of the jaw and 

 behind the parotid gland ; and emerging from that, as seen at t, 

 Fig. 12, and being united to a large branch from the face, it takes 

 its course down the neck. Veterinary surgeons and horsemen 

 have agreed to adopt the jugular, a little way below the union 

 of these two branches, as the usual place for bleeding ; and a 

 very convenient one it is, for it is easily got at, and the vessel 

 is large. The manner of bleeding, &c., will hereafter be adverted 

 to. (See page 166.) 



