ANATOMY OF THE NOSE AND LIPS. 



119 



present subject, and which will be often referred to in the course of our 

 work ; /, m, o, and p, are muscles employed for this purpose. 



THE MUSCI-Urf, NERVES, AND BLOOD-VESSELS 



OF 



THE HEAD AND UPPER PART OF THE NECK 



a Upper part of the lig-ament of the neck. 



b Levator humeri (elevator of the shoulder), rising- from the tubercle of the occiput, the 

 mastoid (nipple-shaped) process of the temporal bone, and the transverse processes 

 (cross projections) of the four first bones of the neck, and the ligament of the neck, 

 and going- to the muscles of the shoulders, and the upper bone of tli« arm; to draw- 

 forward the shoulder and arm ; or turn the head and neck ; and, when the two leva- 

 tors act, to depress the head. 



e Tendon common to the complexus-major (larger complicated), and splenius (splint-like); 

 to the mastoid process of the temporal, to hold up the head, or the muscles on one 

 side alone acting, to turn it, 



d Stemo-maxillaris (belonging to the breast-bone), and upper jaw, from the cartilage in 

 front of the chest to the angle cf the lower jaw; to bend the head, or, if one only- 

 act, to bend rt on one side. 



e Shjlo-7na.vinaris, from the styloid (pencil-shaped) or coracoid (beak-shaped) process of 

 the occiput, to the angle of the jaw; to pull the jaw backward and open it. 



f Subscapuh fiijoideus, from under the shoulder-blade, to the body of tlic os Injokles (the 

 bone at the root of the tongue, formed like a Greek w, v) ; to draw back that Ixiiic. 



g Ma'iscter (chewing) ; a most powerful muscle, constituting the check of the horse; 

 from the upper jaw-bone into the rough surface round the angle of the lower; in 

 conjunction with the temporal muscle to close the mouth and chew the food. 



h Orbicularis (circular) surrounding the eye and closing the lids. 



t Zygomatieus, from the zygomatic arch and masseter to the corner of the mouth ; to 

 draw back the angle of the mouth. 



fc Buccinator (trumpeter), from the inside of the mouth and cheeks, to the angle of the 

 mouth, to draw it back. 



I Nasalis labii superiorls (belonging to the nose and upper lip), from a depression at the 

 junction of the superior maxillary and malar bones to the angle of the nostril ; to 

 raise the lip and dilate the nostrils. 



m Dilator naris lateralis (side dilator of the nostril); reversed to show the vessels an'-i 

 nerves which it covers, going from the covering of the nasal and frontal bones to 

 the angle of the mouth and side of the nostril ; to retract the upper lip and dilate 

 the nostrils. 



n Dilator iiagnus (great dilator), assisting in the same office. 



a Depressor labii inferioris (puller down of the under lip), to the sides of the under lip 

 to pull it down. 



