82 Miscellaneous. 



pollen on the other ; and we may hope soon to see the mystery of 

 this function cleared up by the valuable labours of authors of other 

 nations, and particularly of our own, developing and extending those 

 which he has published. 



"To recall the principal claims of Mr. Brown to the admiration of 

 botanists as a classifier, a describer, an anatomist, and a physiologistj 

 is to enumerate those qualifications which obtained for him the suf- 

 frage of the Academy. Let us congratulate ourselves on having 

 found this fortunate ojoportunity of placing his eloge before our 

 readers ; that of other botanists is commonly only the expression of 

 our regret, and we occupy ourselves with their lives onl}- when they 

 have ceased to exist. Since we have now the good fortune to speak 

 of a life still full of faculties and of activity, let us close by expressing 

 a hope that it may continue to bear fruits and to multiply them, and 

 by reminding Mr. Brown himself that several of his labours still wait 

 for their completion, which ought not to be left to other hands than 

 his own." 



On the Anatomy o/'Terebratula australis. By P. Gratiolet. 



M. Gratiolet's memoir, although published two months after that 

 of Mr. Hancock on the organization of the Brachiopoda, was pre- 

 pared long before the publication of the latter. Without entering 

 into a detailed analysis of M. Gratiolet's work, we may remark, that 

 the sketch of the circulation of the blood given by him docs not at 

 all agree with that furnished by Mr. Hancock. M. Gratiolet con- 

 siders as the centres of the circulation the two organs which, since 

 the investigations of Cuvier upon Lingula anathia, have by common 

 consent been denominated hearts. According to Mr. Hancock, on 

 the contrary, these organs have nothing to do with the circulation, 

 but serve probably for the emission of the eggs, the true heart being 

 a single organ. It is clear that so fundamental a difference cannot 

 he reconciled in any way ; but it is as well to remark, that jNI. Gra- 

 tiolet has only had Terehratulce preserved in spirit at his disposal. 



Mr. Hancock denies the existence of the anus in the Brachiopoda, 

 in opposition to Prof. Owen, who admits the presence of an anal 

 orifice. It is consecpiently interesting to find that M. Gratiolet has 

 been unable to discover the anus of Terehratula australis. How- 

 ever, he is more cautious than Mr. Hancock, and does not deny its 

 existence because he has not seen it ; far from this, he regards its 

 existence as probable, but asserts that it must be very small. 



M. Gratiolet has also closely investigated the mechanism of the 

 muscles of the shell and peduncle of Terehratula australis. In 

 common with Woodward, Davidson and Hancock, he has recognized 

 tlie system of muscles which serve to open the shell ; these he de- 

 nominates diductor muscles ; they are the cardinal muscles of the 

 two former writers, and the divaricators of Hancock. — Journal de 

 Conchylioloyie, Oct. 1857, and BiLl. Univ. June liO, 1858, p. 1/6. 



