164 Mr. G. Lawson on Cinchonaceous Glands in Galiacese. 



strong odour (in some agreeable, in others fetid) which many of 

 these plants give off may be found to proceed from the secretions 

 of their glands. It is not in isolated cases merely that I have 

 been able to trace the presence of glands in Galiaceee. In every 

 plant of the order of which I have been able to obtain fresh ex- 

 amples for examination, I have found them to occur ; and being 

 quite unable to find a single instance of a Galiaceous plant in 

 which they are absent, I think I am, in the meantime, fairly en- 

 titled to presume their general occurrence throughout the order. 

 The plants examined (and found to exhibit these glands) were 

 the following, viz. — 



Rubia peregrina, Linn. Galium Mollugo, Linn. 



tinctorum, Linn. Chersonense, Rcem. et Schult. 



Asperula taurina, Linn. glabrimi, Thunb. 



odorata, Linn. cruciatum, With. 



valautioides. saxatile, Linn. 



Crucianella suaveolens. rostratum. 



molluginoides, Bieb. urceolatum. 



stylosa, DC. purpureum, Linn. 



aspera, Bieb. lucidum, All. 



Galium Aparine, Linn. verum, Linn. 



rubioides, Linn. pusillum, Linn. 



tomentosum, Thunb. boieale, Linn. 



tauricum, Roem. et Schvlt. Sherardia arvensis, Linn. 



sacebaratum, All. 



In all 27 species. 



In Galiaceee the glands occur apparently in the axils, but in 

 reality on the inner or upper surface of the bases, of the leaves. 

 In structure they bear a considerable resemblance to the stipular 

 glands of many Cinchonacece, with this difference, however, that 

 they are generally either distinctly stipitate or club-shaped, 

 whereas those of Cinchonacece are usually thickest at the base, 

 and taper (more or less gradually in different species) towards 

 the apex. When stipitate, the stalk (of the Galiaceous gland) is 

 composed of two or three (sometimes more) series of cells, those 

 running up the centre sometimes containing green chlorophyll 

 granules ; none of these, however, being usually exhibited in the 

 body of the gland. In Rubia tinctorum each cell of the gland 

 contains a large green central nuclear body. In form the glands 

 of Galiaceee present even greater variety (in different species) 

 than those of Cinchonacece. 



Another feature in which the glands of Galiaceee differ from 

 those of Cinchonacece is their small size, which is especially ob- 

 servable in some of the dwarf, small-leaved species of Galium, as 

 in Galium saxatile, for instance, whose glands are not more than 

 Yj^th of an inch in length by ^p-th in breadth, whereas I have 

 stated those of Cinchona Calisaya (which are not unusually large 



