316 Miscellaneous. 



On the twenty-fifth day the vesicles were larger. On the twenty- 

 sixth day they were of the size of a lentil ; the envelope began to be 

 formed and the first traces of heads appeared. 



On the thirtieth day, the heads, under the form of tubercles, were 

 visible to the naked eye. On the thirty-eighth day the eminences 

 appeared more distinctly on the surface, and the heads exhibited signs 

 of their suckers and hooks. Towards the forty- fifth day the Ccenuri 

 were of the size of a bean, and the cavities in which the heads are 

 lodged were formed. 



Besides the brain, the heart, the oesophagus, and the diaphragm 

 of some of the lambs also contained encysted vesicles ; but these are 

 not the Cysticercus tenuicollis, as I was at first inclined to think with 

 M. Leuckart, — they are strayed and aborted worms. 



The following is the result to which my researches have led : — The 

 adult Ccenuri live and become developed in the intestine of the dog, 

 forming the Tcenia ccenurus, which has hitherto been confounded 

 with the Tcenia s errata. 



The malady known as the turn-sick, staggers or vertigo is propa- 

 gated in the following manner : — The shepherds cut off the heads 

 of the sheep affected with this disease and throw them to the dogs, 

 which swallow the Ccenuri along with the brain, and these Ccenuri 

 give rise to Tsenias in their intestines. As the Ccenuri sometimes bear 

 as many as 300 heads, and each head (scolex) can produce a Tcenia, 

 it will be easily imagined that these worms must multiply with great 

 rapidity. 



The'dogs following the sheep in the meadows, pass the proglottides 

 filled with eggs along with their excrements ; and these eggs are thus 

 scattered over the herbage upon which the sheep feed. 



Moist meadows are most favourable to the development of the 

 malady, as the proglottides and eggs dry there more slowly. — Bull, 

 de V Acad. Roy ale de Belgique, 1854, p. 306". 



On the Occurrence of Zinc in the Vegetable Organism. 

 By A. Braun. 



It is well known that the calamine hills of Rhenish Prussia and 

 the neighbouring parts of Belgium possess a peculiar flora ; visitors 

 to these regions are particularly surprised by a species of violet 

 allied to Viola tricolor, which unfolds its beautiful yellow flowers in 

 uninterrupted profusion from spring until the end of autumn, and is 

 known in the neighbourhood of Aix as the Calamine violet, or in 

 the dialect of the district " Kelmesveilchen." This plant has been 

 described by Lejeune in his " Revue de la Flore de Spaa " as a 

 distinct species under the name of Viola calaminaria, but he has 

 since characterized it (Comp. Florce Belgicce) as Viola lutea, Smith. 

 Koch and other authors have also rightly considered it as a variety 

 of V. lutea, Smith (grandiflora , Huds.), a species principally distin- 

 guished from V. tricolor by its filiform subterraneous runners, by 

 means of which it survives the winter. In its habits it is remarkably 

 distinct from the ordinary Viola lutea of the Alps, as well as from 



