A HISTORY OF NORFOLK 



Lecano-Lecideci, Nyl. {continued) — Graphidei, Nyl. {continued) — 



Lecidea alboatra, Nyl. Seething Opegrapha lyncea, Borr. Holt 



var. epipolia, Ach. Market Dere- Arthonia epipasta, Leight. Thorpe 



ham and near Yarmouth — cinnabarina, var. kermesina, Schser. 



— expansa, Nyl. Thetford Near Earsham and Holt 



— Turneri, Leight. Trigby Church Stigmatidium crassum, Dub. Holt 



— myriocarpa, DC. Thetford Warren Pyrenocarpei, Nyl. 



and near Kingi Lynn Endocarpon hepaticum, Ach. Near }^or- 

 Graphidei, Nyl. wich 



Graphis scripta, Ach. Coltishall Verrucaria Garovaglii, Mut. Thetford 



Opegrapha notha, Ach. Yarmouth — muralis, Ach. Near Yarmouth 



— pulicaris, Nyl. Lakenham — viridula, Ach. Yarmouth 



— varia, f. tigrina, Leight. Hadiscoe — epigaea, Ach. Near Norwich 



— atra, Pers. Holt — nigrescens, Pers. Thetford 



— Leightonii, Cromb. Near Yarmouth 



FUNGI 



When one remembers that Norfolk is the fifth county in England 

 in point of size, one naturally expects its fungus flora to be pretty ex- 

 tensive. And such is the case, with our heaths and bogs, our woods and 

 pastures, our chalk downs and sandy wastes, our sea coast and our broad- 

 land, Norfolk has a pretty varied mycological flora. The fact that 

 saprophytic fungi are very much confined to their own special food-stuffs 

 is gradually coming to be more and more recognized — woodland and 

 pasture-land, heath and roadside have their own particular denizens. 

 Further than this even, the wood of deciduous trees and that of fir trees 

 has each its own special fungus flora. This is a point Fries constantly 

 reiterates in the Monographia. But we may go further still and say that 

 many of the larger Hymenomycetes occur only on the detritus of 

 certain plants and trees or that they are associated with them while they 

 are alive ; for instance, Amanita muscaria occurs only under birch trees ; 

 Collybia radicata, Russula fellea and emetica are found under beech ; 

 Lactarius deliciosus near Scotch firs ; Naucoria escharoides in the humus of 

 alders ; Collybia vertirugis on the dead stems of the previous year's braken 

 plants. Whether these species are saprophytes pure and simple or 

 whether any symbiotic connection exists between these fungi and the 

 tree-roots is a point which merits working out. We all know that 

 certain species are found only on certain dead tree-trunks or branches 

 such as Pholiota heteroclita on poplar ; Armillaria mucida on beech ; 

 Leptonia euchroa on alder ; Polyporus ulmarius on elm ; P. fraxineus on 

 ash ; P. dryadeus on oak, etc. ; but here the element of parasitism comes 

 in, although the boundary line between parasitism and saprophitism is 

 not nearly so pronounced as it formerly was. 



There are many biological problems connected with the Hymeno- 

 mycetes which still require working out, but hiatus after hiatus has been 

 filled up in this respect during the last decade, so that many species 

 which used to be passed by as common and uninteresting are now objects 

 of considerable interest ; for example, Armillaria mellea and Polyporus 

 annosus (Trametes radiceperda, Hartig) on living timber, of which our 

 county affords only too many examples. 



72 



