Mr. E. L. Layard on new species of Paludomus. 135 



One characteristic habit, separating the whole of tliese species, as 

 far as I can ascertain, from Melania, is that they are constantly found 

 adhering to stones, or the submerged roots of trees and stems of 

 aquatic plants, which the Melanice never are ; neither do they burrow 

 in sand, as do the Melanice, though they often resort to a sandy 

 locality, perhaps for the purpose of breeding. The habit m Ph. siil- 

 catus of crawling several feet out of the water on the damp grass is 

 remarkable. 



A few remarks on the various species in detail may prove not un- 

 acceptable. 



Paludomus chilinoides. Reeve. 



This is the commonest species of the whole tribe. It is found in 

 gently-running water generally, but often in paddy fields and other 

 marshy grounds to which these running waters have access- 



The animal is blackish-mottled, forehead produced into an obtuse 

 point, slightly indented in the centre and fringed with red dots ; 

 tentacula two, acuminate ; eyes two, sessile, situated about one-nfth 

 of the distance up the tentacles. 



I have taken the operculum of this species as the type of the 

 family ; it therefore needs no description. 



Paludomus l^vis, Layard. 



Shell oblong-ovate; axis 11 lines, diara. 7 Unes ; spire acute, ex- 

 serted, moderately long ; whorls rounded, not depressed round the 

 upper part, smooth. Colour olive-yellow, the lower whorls seldom 

 marked, but the upper always spotted with one or two rows of arrow- 

 headed dots ; apex bluish ; aperture white. 



Operculum as in Pal. chilinoides. 



Hah. Ceylon, in slow-running streams on the northern side of the 

 mountain zone extending into the flat country beyond Anarajahpoora. 

 I also obtained a few in a paddy field in the south of the island, near 

 the village of Heneratgodde. Mus. Cuming et Layard. 



I think this may prove to be but a variety of Pal. chilinoides, 

 although the experienced eye of Mr. Cuming at once separated it 

 from that species. It is found m the same localities, and only difi'ers 

 from it in wanting the depression round the upper part of the whorls 

 and in the colouring ; the mollusk is similar. 



Paludomus palustris, Layard. 



Shell ovate, thin; axis 10 lines, diam. 6 lines; spire exserted, 

 long ; whorls rounded, rather flat, spirally closely grooved with mi- 

 nute granular striae (visible under the lens). Colour of adult shell * 

 a rich yellow spotted with dark brown, the markings frequently run- 

 ning into wavy lines ; apex bluish ; aperture white. 



* In young sbells the ground colour is almost hidden hy the dark markings, 

 and the aperture is found to be spirally marked with thin lines of the same 

 colour. 



