ORTHOPTERA 



135 



them to escape readily into cracks and crevices. Cockroaches were the 

 dominant insects in carboniferous times. There are four common species, 



Fig. 104. — Calopi'enus spre'tus. Process of acqviiring wings: n, Pupa 

 with skin just spht on the back; b, the imago extending; c, the imago nearly 

 out; d, the imago with wings expanded; e, the imago with all parts perfect, 

 natural size. (After Riley.) 



Fig. 105. — African mantis or soothsayer, with its egg-mass. (Monteiro.) 



only one being native to the United States. The eggs are laid in small, 

 bean-shaped, horny, brown cases. The young are preeocial. Cock- 



