174 



BRANCH ARTHROPODA 



the same color next the anal angle of the hind wing." It is a friend to the 

 fruit grower, for its larva feeds upon woolly plant-lice like the apple-tree 

 aphis and the alder blight. 



ORDER XII. HYMENOP'TERA 



This order is represented by such famiUar insects as the 

 bumble-bees, yellow-jackets, honey-bees, ants, wasps, ichneu- 

 mon flies, saw-flies, and gall-flies. 



The mouth parts (Fig. 144) are adapted for biting or sucking, 

 the mandibles are short and fitted for biting, while the other 



Three ocelli or simple eyes 



° /J^l^ Compound eyes 

 —Antennae 

 Clypeus (c). 



Mandibles 



Maxillary palpi 



Maxilla 



Labial palpi 



brum 

 Palpifer or palpus bearer 



Paraglossse or lateral lobes 

 of the tongue 



Lingula or tongue attached at 

 the base of the labium 



Fig. 144. — Front view of the head of a bee. (Tenney.) 



mouth parts, as the maxillce, labium, the maxillary and labial 

 palpi, are more or less modified into a proboscis for taking up 

 liquid food. 



The wings are membranous and four in number. The 

 anterior pair is larger than the posterior. The student will 

 observe that the body and wings of Hymenoptera are shorter 

 than those of the dragon-fly order (Odonata). 



The metamorphosis is complete. The larvae are maggot-like. 



Habits. — They vary much in habits. Some are herbivorous 

 (saw-flies), some form galls, others are parasitic (ichneumon 



