AVES 



>73 



all parts of the body; that taste is poorly developed; that smell is 

 apparently not very acute, except in vultures or turkey buzzards 

 and other carrion-eating birds. 



A B 



Fig. 223. — Brain of the hen (A, from above; B, from below): o, Ol- 

 factory bulbs; 6, cerebral hemispheres; c, optic lobes; d, cerebellum; d' , its 

 lateral parts; e, medulla. (Mter Carus, from Gegenbaur.) 



Behavior and Intelligence. — As has been said of other ani- 

 mals, it is exceedingly difficult to judge what goes on in the mind 

 of a bird without ever having been a bird. It is very probable 

 that many writers upon animal intelligence give birds credit for 



Fig. 224. — Eye of a nocturnal bird of prey: Co, Cornea; L, lens; Rl, 

 retina; P, pecten; A'^.o., optic nerve; Sc, ossifications of the sclerotic; CM, 

 ciliary muscle. (After Wiedersheim.) 



a higher intelligence than they possess because they draw mis- 

 taken conclusions from bird activities, or, more often, because 

 observations have been inaccurate or incomplete. When a 



18 



