404 (iUESTIONS, PROBLEMS, AND SUGGESTIONS 



7. Sotmds or Noises. — Name some fishes that make a sound or noise. 

 Why are fishes, as a class, silent? 



8. Intelligence of Fishes. — High, medium, or low as compared with in- 

 vertebrates? As compared with other classes of chordates? 



9. Dominance. — Why are fishes a dominant aquatic class? Why more 

 so than the amphibians or the reptiles? Why are fishes the most dominant 

 aquatic chordate class? 



10. Geologic Histonj.— What was the status of the fish class in past 

 geologic time as an aquatic class? Was it dominant as compared with the 

 reptilian class? See your Geology and compare the past of fishes and rep- 

 tiles. 



11. Consult "American Food and Game Fishes." Of the 1000 true food 

 and game fishes discussed, report things of interest, value, and variation 

 in the ten leading families of fishes. 



AMPHIBIA 



1. How do you account for the amphibious Hfe (i. e., living both in the 

 water and on land)? Advantage to the class? Disadvantage to the class? 



2. "No amphibians are marine." How do you account for this? Is 

 it an advantage or a disadvantage to the class? 



3. How do you account for the other classes of chordates having marine 

 forms? 



4. Limbs. — Name amphibians: (1) with four limbs; (2) some with two; 

 and (3) others with none. Why this difference? 



5. Respiradon. — In the tadpole stage? In the adult stage? Why 

 this difference? 



6. Defense. — In the larval stage? In the adult stage? 



7. Enemies — of all kinds for the young? For the adult? 



8. Care of Young. — Various ways? Name of the young? 



9. Locomotion. — How performed in the larval and in the adult stage? 



10. Sounds or Noises. — How made? Why made? Name of the sound 

 or noise? 



11. Variations in forms, size, and shape of the amphibian body? 



12. Hibernation, Estivation, Migration. — How and why done? Ex- 

 amples? When? 



13. Degeneration. — What evidence do you discover of degenerate am- 

 phibians? Examples? Purpose of this degeneration to the amphibian? 



14. Poison. — Name amphibians of a poisonous nature, like the toad. 

 Purpose of this poisonous secretion? 



In. Naked Skin. — How do you account for the naked skin of the am- 

 phibians, while the other classes of chordates have a covering such as 

 scales, feathers, or hair? 



