REPTILES IN GENERAL 405 



16. Color and Color Changes in Amphibians. — Purpose? Find an ex- 

 ample of: (1) warning color; (2) alluring color; (3) protective color; (4) 

 terrifying attitude. Why does the toad .swell up so big when you 

 molest it? 



17. Animal behavior of this class. Compare with other chordate classes. 

 See Laboratory Guide, pp. 12-16. 



18. Dispersal. — Compare with the geographic distribution of other 

 chordate cla.s.ses. Which has the best dispersal, and why? The least dis- 

 persal, and why? 



19. Barriers. — Compare the barriers of Amphibia with the barriers of 

 other chordate classes. What class has the most barriers? The least 

 number of barriers, and why? Barriers animate an'd inanimate? 



20. Dominance. — The number of Amphibia now is only one-eighth that 

 of fishes, one-fourth that of reptiles, and one-tenth that of birds. Were 

 amphibians ever a dominant class? Why? Are they now at a disadvan- 

 tage in the race of life as compared with other chordate classes? If so, why? 

 Have amphibians sought safety in subordination? Will they ever do so? 

 Compare all degenerate chordates. Have they sought safety in subor- 

 dination? Why? 



21. Preparedness. — Which of the chordate classes has the best pre- 

 paredness for dispersal? The least? Which class has the best prepared- 

 ness to overcome barriers? The least? 



22. Which chordate class has the best preparedness to be a dominant 

 class? Preparedness in what ways do you mean? 



REPTILES IN GENERAL 



1. Covering. — Covering by orders. Variations in the different orders? 

 Why this variation? 



2. Defense. — Give examples of reptilian defense by: (1) terrifying ap- 

 pearance; (2) noi.se; (3) bluff; (4) color; (.5) concealment? How are the 

 young protected? The eggs? 



3. Colors. — Find an example of: (1) colors for protective resemblance; 

 (2) warning colors; (3) terrifying colors; (4) mimicry. (Fig. 198.) Fur- 

 pose of these colors to the reptiles? 



4. Sounds. — Name reptiles that hiss, rattle, bellow, or make other 

 sounds or noises. Purpose of these sounds or noises to the reptile? 



5. Locomotion. — Name reptiles that crawl, creep, walk, run, fly, swim, 

 or have other means of locomotion. 



0. Degeneration.— Head in your geology of tlie reptilian monsters of the 

 pa.st ages. How would you account for rejitilian degeneration? Will the 

 reptilian class ever regain its lost dominance? 



7. Dominance of Reptiles. — Compare with other classes of chordates. 



