REPTILES IN GENERAL 407 



LACERTILIA OR LIZARDS 



27. Variaiion. — Note variation in form, size, and appearance of lizards 

 figured in the text. 



2S. The Helodcrma (Fig. 200). — How account for it.s poisonous nature 

 and its limited geographic distribution? Can you name other poisonous 

 lizards? Is it a dominant reptile? Why? 



29. The Chameleon (Fig. 202). — How account for its power of changing 

 colors? Purpose of this to the chameleon? 



30. The Horned Toad (Horned Lizard, P'ig. 203). — How account for its 

 structure, appearance, and habits? 



31. Where do you find the large lizards? (p. 248). The small ones? 

 (p. 247). 



32. Hibernation, estivation, and migration of lizards. Ciive examples. 



33. The Monitor of the Nile (p. 248).— Why is it a friend to the Egyp- 

 tians? 



34. Food. — What lizards are used by man for food? (p. 248). 



35. Comparison. — Compare lizards and salamanders on ten points of 

 comparison of your own choosing. Which ones do you consider have the 

 more complex body, the lizards or the salamanders? Which show more 

 manifestations of mind? Less? 



36. Size. — Are lizards large, medium, or small-sized, as reptiles? As 

 chordates? 



37. Dominance. — Are lizards dominant or superior as an order of their 

 class? Why? 



CHELONIA OR TURTLES 



38. The Shell. — What causes or conditions gave rise to the shell? Ad- 

 vantages? Disadvantages? Will the shell lead to an advance or a degen- 

 eration for the turtle's order? 



39. Degeneration. — How do you account for the present-day turtle's de- 

 generation, as compared with the turtles of former geologic times? Will 

 turtles become extinct? Why? How do you account for the size and 

 habits of the turtles named on pp. 2,52, 253 of the text? 



40. Teeth. — How do you account for the absence or loss of teeth in the 

 turtle order? How are they compensated for the absence of teeth? 



^l.- Aberrant Type. — Is the turtle the most aberrant reptile of its cla.ss? 

 Compare the turtle and toad as aberrant chordates. Are snakes and 

 turtles aberrant or degenerate examples of their clas.ses? 



42. Noise.— Whiit noise does the turtle make? When? Why? What 

 bird makes a similar noise? 



43. Defense.— Note how it strikes. What other rei)tile strikes? What 

 reptiles bite? 



44. Dominance. — Are turtles a dominant reptilian order? Why? Were 

 they ever a dominant reptiUan order? 



