MAMMALIA 411 



P 

 Voice? Defense? Useful rodents? Harmful ones? Why is it a domi- 

 nant order of mammals? 



36. Order VIII. Carnivora or Mammals of Prey. — This order illustrates 

 the adaptation of structure to liabits. Note the sharp claws, canine teeth 

 fitted for tearing, and the alertness of the Carnivora. Why are the Carniv- 

 ora a dominant order? What ones furnish furs? Name some high-priced 

 mammalian furs. Do any furnish food for man? Make a list of all 

 Carnivora named in the text and state the use or harm of each to man and 

 other animals. 



37. Order IX. Insectivora. — Why long-snouted? Nocturnal? Self- 

 defense? Food? Where are they in winter? Note the adaptation of the 

 mole to a subterranean life — pointed head, digging feet, and fine, soft fur. 



The Shrew. — Compare with the mouse as to general appearance and 

 show from the teeth that the shrew is not a rodent. What ones of this 

 order hibernate? Why? Is hibernation correlated with their food? What 

 ones are useful to man? Harmful? Why is this order not a dominant one? 



38. Order X. Chiroptera. The Bats.— Why nocturnal? Why hiber- 

 nate? Specialty, zigzag flight. How and why zigzag? Note, their 

 extreme sensitivity makes them such expert flyers in the dark. Compare 

 their wings with the wings of a bird. Food and feeding habits? Use and 

 harm to man? Self-defense and sleeping habits? Why of interest as a 

 "flying mammal"? 



39. Order XI. Primates. — Leave man out and how do the other animals 

 of this order compare in use or harm to the Ungulata, Rodentia, and Car- 

 nivoraf But include man; then what? They are very much like man in 

 their structural development. Whence came monkeys and man? From 

 the same primitive stock, or from a different ancestry? Is there a "missing 

 link"? If so, what is it? Missing between what? For a study of man, 

 see Laboratory Guide, pp. 222-224. 



40. Name .some mammalian pests and pets; some domesticated ones. 



41. Dominance. — Why is Mammalia a dominant class? 



42. Man. — Why is man the most successful dominant being on earth? ' 



43. CivilizaHon. — (Define it.) Has man's civilization changed more than 

 his heredity or his environment? Can you change the heredity of an 

 animal or of man? Can you change an animal's inheritance? 



44. Are normal animals governed more by heredity or environment? 

 Abnormal ones? 



45. What would you give as your final summary of the animal kingdom? 

 How does it interest you? Why study it? What would this world be 

 without animals? (You may suppose man exists.) How differ from his 

 present state without animals? Without plants, but with animals? With 

 plants, but without animals? 



