226 Miss M. M. Ogilvie — Microscopic and Systematic 



Turbinolidas are looked upon as simple corals descended from 

 the same Palgeozoic family. The Stylina group of Eusmilinte, 

 E. & H., ai'e placed in the neighbourhood of the Astraeidse 

 and Amphiastrgeidffi as an intermediate family, Stylinidas. 

 Galaccea is regarded as a near ally of the Stylinidce ; in spite 

 of its somewhat aberrant features the author ranks it provi- 

 sionally within this family. 



Edwards and Haime's group of Madreporaria Perforata is 

 also broken up by the author. The Eupsammidas show 

 undoubted affinity with the Fungidffi, and both these families, 

 together with the Astr^eida^ and Stylinidse, are shown to have 

 derived their structural features from leading Palaeozoic types 

 belonging to the family of Cyathophyllidse. In all of them 

 the septum reaches a high degree of differentiation in its 

 trabecular structure on lines already introduced in various of 

 the more advanced Palaeozoic types. The Madreporidae 

 (Turbinarinse, E. & H., and Madreporinee, E. & H.) are 

 placed in the neighbourhood of Pocilloporidse and Oculinidte ; 

 their simple septal structure agrees with the primitive types 

 of septum presented by Palaeozoic Zaphi'entids and their 

 allies. The Poritidse, although having certain features in 

 common with the Madreporidae, differ essentially in septal 

 structure, and are regarded as a group of Madreporaria which 

 branched off at a very early age from the main ancestral stem 

 of Zaphrentidse, and followed an independent line of deve- 

 lopment. 



The author's results bear inevitably to the conclusion that 

 the suborder Madreporaria Eugosa erected by Edwards and 

 Haime draws an entirely artificial barrier between Palaeozoic 

 Madreporaria and the younger suborders Madreporaria Aporosa 

 and Perforata, Ed. & H. In the second part of the present 

 paper the author annuls all three suborders, and follows out 

 the evolution of Madreporaria in the light of the general 

 morphological results arrived at in the first part of the paper. 

 Ilaeckel's terms of " Tetracoralla " for the Madreporaria 

 Eugosa and " Hexacoralla " for the Madreporaria Aporosa and 

 Perforata only gave a stronger expression to Edwards and 

 Haime's convention of tetrameral and hexameral symmetry 

 of the septa. And although several authors have from time 

 to time pointed out the inappropriateness of erecting sub- 

 divisions on the feature of septal symmetry, nothing farther 

 has been done. Even now in current literature one may find 

 the term ^'w^o6"a = Tetracoralla set in contradistinction to 

 Madreporaria = H exacoralla ! 



From the standpoint attained by her own investigations 

 the author then traces the series of changes which appeared 



