434 M. Sars on the Distribution of Animal Life 



Funiculina fiyimarchica^ F. Ghristii^ Pennatula horealis] also, 

 Astrojjhyton Linchii^ A. LamarcMi^ Asteronyx Lovenii, Bri- 

 singa endecacnemos ^ Cidaris painllata^ Molrpadia horealis ; 

 finally, Terehratida septata^ Lima excavata^ Yoldia ohtusa. 



To these, after the last two years' explorations, the follow- 

 ing are now to be added : — 



Cladorhiza abyssorum (200-300 fathoms), TricJiostemma 

 hcmisphcericum (100-300 f.), Fimicidina Forhesii (200 f.), 

 Mopsea horealis^ ^ Fungiacyathus fragilis (100-300 i.)^Echino- 

 cucumis typica (100-450 f.) f, Stichopiis natans (200-300 f.), 

 Flustra abyssicola (100-300 f.), Halilophus mirabilis (100- 

 300 f.), Axinus pusilhis (200-450 f.), Lyonsiella ahyssicola 

 (100-450 f.), Dentalium agile {250— 300 f.), Phascolosoma oliva- 

 ceum (250-300 f.), Cytkeropteron haynatum [250-300 f.), Cythe- 

 reis mucronata (100-300 f.), Cytherella abyssorum (100-450f.), 

 Conchoecia elegans (100-300 f.), Conchoecia horealis (about 

 300 f. or more), Clydonia horealis (about 300 f., and not rare), 

 Gampylaspis sulcata (100-250 f.), Campylaspis horrida (100- 

 300 f.), Qyclaspis longicauda (100-300 f.), Llyarachna coro- 

 nata (300 f.), llyarachna hirticeps (100—300 f.), Hemimysis 

 ahyssicola (250 f.), Pseudomma roseiim (250-450 f.), Erythrops 

 abyssorum (300 f.), Cryptoclieles abyssicola. (300 f.), Pasipihae 

 norvegica (100-300 f.) — altogether 46 kinds, independent of 

 several others that cannot yet with certainty be said to be 

 deep-sea forms. 



Although, as we see by the examples adduced, there is some 

 variation in the limits of these true deep-water species, we can 

 yet nevertheless generally gather, from the known facts, that 

 the proper deep-ioater zone begins somewhere about 100 fath,, 

 since the greater part of those forms which here begin to show 

 themselves now and then, increase in number of individuals 

 downwards to 300 fathoms, and, in some cases in which re- 

 search has been carried lower down, even to 450 fathoms. 

 How far this zone descends into the abyss, or whether there 

 be, as is probable, still other zones differing in character from 

 this, is a point which for the present we cannot decide. 



The sea- bottom along our coast, at the greatest depth at 

 which it has been examined, appears to vary in condition. 



* Living specimens occurred at ."^OO fathoms, stuck together in the 

 direction of their longitudinal axes, which, from a groat number of casts 

 at and near to the same place, were not found higher up than 250 fathoms. 

 A single example by chance occurred in 120 fath., but it may have been 

 carriiid by the force of the current. 



t In my account of the Echinodermata of Norway (p. 103), Echino- 

 cucui)iis typica is said by mistake to have been found in from 40 to 100 

 fathoms, instead of from 100 to 200 fathoms. 



