Re;v. J. W. Sliearer recommended to liave 

 foundation drawn out in tlie spring, and put 

 aside for use in the swarming season. 



Mr. Mannni believed tliat foundation cor- 

 rectly made, and riglitly put into tlie hive, 

 would not sat?. 



Mr. Oatman. There is no trouble with 

 saiiijing in Illinois. If any comb sags it is 

 improperly fastened. 



Mr. Wriglit found that foundation from 5 

 to 7 square feet answered best. 



Mr. Oatman thinks that made from 53^ to 

 63^ feet to "be preferable. 



L. C. Root is very much in favor of foun- 

 dation in the brood-nest, but is greatly 

 op|)Osed to its use in surplus boxes. Had 

 put foundation in sections, and in the same 

 clamp other sections with comb-guides sim- 

 ply, and the bees filled those without the 

 foundation first. I tliink foundation with- 

 out wire not practical, as a swarm cainiot be 

 hived upon it. I do not want combs built 

 out in the fall for spring. The plan is not 

 practical. Capt. Hetherington has used 2.000 

 or 3,000 lbs. with wire, and thinks it a grand 

 success. 



Mr. Betsinger offered to give any one $50 

 who would present him, within a year, a 

 piece of comb of 144 square inches, with 

 perfectly developed brood over all the wires. 



Mr. Nell is accepted tlie offer. 



Mr. Porter thought that Mr. Betsinger 

 must have used defective foundation. 



Mr. Nellis considered the flat-bottomed 

 cells the best. He has used it in his apiary, 

 and it is not possible to distinguish honey 

 stored on this from the natural comb. 



Mr. King asked if by using foundation in 

 boxes he could not do away with separators? 



Mr. Nellis answered that he could not. 



Mr. Batty said his experience was favora- 

 ble to its use in the brood-chamber, but not 

 in the supers. 



Mr. Bacon used boxes in one hive without 

 separators, and his sections could not be 

 crated. 



Mr. Everett considered foundation a suc- 

 cess in the brood-chamber,- but deleterious 

 in boxes. 



Mr. King offered the following resolution: 

 Resolved, That foundation, where used in 

 the brood-chamber, lias in the past proved 

 a success, and is worthy of adoption. This, 

 after discussion, was carried. 



L. C. lioot offered the following resolu- 

 tion : Resolved, That the use of foundation 

 in surplus boxes is not approved by this 

 Convention. 



Mr. King tliouglit such a resolution would 

 stop all investigation. 



Mr. Nellis thought, after going home from 

 the Syracuse Convention, where his views 

 of using foundation in boxes met with great 

 opposition, that lie was netting to be a lium- 

 buii, but after tlie very parties who con- 

 demned the foundation there, ordered 300 or 

 400 lbs., he thought he would go aliead. 



Mr. Oatman had visited bee-keepers who 

 had used foundation in boxes very exten- 

 sively, and they could not be induced to 

 abandon it. 



After further discussion, the question was 

 put and lost by a vote of 13 to 20. 



A letter from tlie Rev. M. Mahin was read, 

 as well as an essay by Mr. H. A. Burch. 



To Hniiey Producer's anil C'nnMiiiiiers. 



The Bee-Keepers' Association of North America, 

 In session in New Yorlc city, Octobers to 11, 1878, real- 

 izing the increasing importance of honey production 

 and consumption, respectfully submit the following 

 facts, which are no less important to the consumer 

 than to the producer of honey : 



It is now only a few years since the invention of 

 movable-comb hives opened up a new era in bee-keep- 

 ing, making it a successful pursuit. Such hives, 

 adapted to climate, furnish every facility for intelli- 

 gent management and manipulation of both bees 

 and comb. 



The invention of the honey extractor (a machine 

 which empties the honey from the combs by centrif- 

 ugal force, without injury to the bees), marks 

 another advance step in apiculture. Thus virgin 

 honey, free from foreign admixture, is obtained, 

 having the flavor of the flower from which it is 

 drawn. 



Tlie further invention of comb foundation, made 

 of pure wax, completes the requisites for successful 

 bee-keeping. 



The introduction of Italian bees and improved 

 methods of rearing queens and introducing them to 

 colonies, has greatly improved the value of the honey 

 gatherers, both because of their superiority and the 

 introduction of new blood, preventing danger from 

 "in-and-in breeding." 



The great drawback is the sHng of the bee. Danger 

 from this source is now largely overcome by the aim- 

 pie appliances used for the protection of the person 

 and for subduing the bees. The most vicious colony 

 may be subdued in a few minutes. 



TO CONSUMERS OF HONEY. 

 A few facts are necessary to preserve them from 

 imposition. Nice white comb speaks for itself and is 

 generally admired, but the price many lovers of 

 honey will not afford. It makes a beautiful dish for 

 the table, but is no better tlian extracted honey. All 

 comb is wax. and in the stomach it is perfectly indi- 

 gestible. Extracted honey is the pure liquid honey, 

 taken from the combs by ttie honey extractor. It is 

 i entirely different f I om what is known in the market 

 I as strained honey. Consumers help to impose upon 

 themselves by the false idea that pure honey will not 

 granulate. They desire ungranulated honey, and 

 dealers have attempted to supply the demand. Al- 

 most all pure honey will granulate when exposed for 

 some time to light and cold. The granulated state is 

 an evidence of purity. Much of the jar honey here- 

 tofore sold and recommended not to granulate, is a 

 very inferior article, composed largely of glucose. 

 Granulated honey can be reduced to its liquid state 

 in a few moments by placing the jar in warm water. 

 When thus liquified, it so remains for some time be- 

 fore again crystallizing. Consumers may be sure of 

 a wholesome article by purchasing granulated honey 

 and reducing it. 



We would respectfully call upon producers and 

 consumers to unite their efforts to procure, by peti- 

 tion or otherwise, such legislation in their respective 

 States, as will prevent the placing of any adultera- 

 tions on the market under the name of honey. This 

 becomes the more important, since, during the past , 

 year, some American honey has been condemned in 

 Great Britain, as adulterated. Wecertainly (mghtto 

 prevent tlie sale at home of such adulterations as are 

 forbidden in European countries. We suggest the 

 following tests to prove the purity of honey : 



1. Honey adulterated with a poor article of glucose 

 will, when poured into a cupof strong Japan tea, turn 

 black, by the action of the tannic acid upon the cop- 

 peras left in the glucose. 



2. A purer article of glucose is detected by pouring 

 strong alcohol on it in a tumbler. The alcohol will 

 dilute pure honey, but it will cause a deposit of glu- 

 cose as agummysubstance at the bottom of the glass. 



TO PRODUCERS. 



By full use of improvements in bee-keeping, the 

 honey crop of America may be almost indefinitely 

 increased, and become a great source of national 

 revenue. The home demand and consumption is 

 largely increased whenever people learn to know the 

 superiority of such honey. A large export trade is 

 already commenced, and we are told that the only 

 diflicufty is in procuring honey in proper shape and 

 quantity to supply the growing demand. This should 

 be put up in attractive packages or small jars, so as to 

 be readily handled by grocers and consumers. 



Honev was for centuries the principal sweet known, 

 and is still one of the most healthful. Improvements 

 in refining sugars have within the last two or three 

 centuries led to its general adoption. Why may not 

 also new improvements in apiculture restore it to its 

 true place as a general favorite, which was lost by 

 bad management and the consequent corresponding 

 limited supply ? 



