rtmm mimsmiGmn mmm jQismnmiu. 



587 



stvuction by fire of the entire liive with 

 all its contents of frames, comb, and 

 bees. This heroic treatment wonlil, 

 in many cases, bankrupt the apiarist ; 

 and while, in most cases, it would ef- 

 fect the best results, we must look to 

 some moi'e humane and less destruc- 

 tive method. Mr. Chas. F. Muth has, 

 in all probability, come nearer a solu- 

 tion of the difficulty than any other one 

 man, and from his excellent article on 

 " Foul Brood," I condense the fol- 

 lowing : 



"It is gratifying to observe the 

 growing attention paid bj' bee-keepers 

 to the dangers of the spread of foul 

 brood. Utah has a bee-inspector in 

 every county, and a State officer draw- 

 ing pay from the Stale. It would be 

 but a move in the right direction if all 

 the States were to follow the example 

 of our Mormon brethren. 



" An abundance of forest trees aflbrd 

 homes for absconding swarms favoring 

 the spread of the disease. Once a 

 number of bee-ti'ees become infected, 

 ever}- bee running over these devasta- 

 ted combs, for years after the death of 

 the colony, is liable to take home to 

 its own hive the germs of the disease. 

 Therefore, be on your guard. The 

 disease is imparted and spreads by 

 contagious spores. It is of vegetable 

 gi'owth, a fungus. Little specks, hardly 

 discernible to the naked eye, are car- 

 ried along on the legs of bees ninning 

 over infected combs. Whenever one 

 of these spores drops into a cell con- 

 taining a larva, the larva dies — soon 

 changing to a brown putrid mass, and 

 foul brood begins its work. Larvte are 

 affected and die just before the cells 

 are capped, or while bees are perform- 

 ing their usual labor of capping. 

 These cells, a few weeks afterward, 

 are perforated near the center, and 

 easily recognized as disease. Larvse in 

 uncapped cells, when killed by this 

 disease, settle into the lower corner as 

 a ropish substance, and in time dry up 

 in a hard, coffee-colored mass. 



"Bees running over these cells carry 

 the micrococci to a large number of 

 other cells. The putrid stench in the 

 hive becomes so strong that the bees 

 oft-times swarm in despair, taking 

 with them the curse of foul brood. 

 The old bees are not affected, but the 

 young bees being killed off, it soon 

 decimates a colony. Micrococcus 

 dropped into an empty cell will lie dor- 

 mant for jears, and when the queen 

 deposits an egg in these cells, the 

 trouble begins. A crevice in a bot- 

 tom-board that had been exposed to 

 the weather for a year, being used, 

 the bees running over it, dragged the 

 germ of foul brood into the hive with 

 them. 



" To Dr. Schoenfield is due the credit 

 of discerning the true nature of foul 



brood and its destroj'er, while Emil 

 Hilbert found the proper proportions. 

 Mr. Hilbert applies tlie remedy — sali- 

 cylic acid — by means of an atomizer, 

 subjecting every bee, comb and cell to 

 the sj5ray, as well as every frame, in- 

 side of hive and adjoining surround- 

 ings. Several thoro\igh treatments ef- 

 fected a cure. The objection to this 

 method is that bees from other hives 

 carry the spores home with them, thus 

 keeping the disease alive. Mr. Hil- 

 bert, however, treats his diseased hives 

 in a closed room. 



"After repeated failures, and having 

 destrojed a number of colonies, I tried 

 the following method : I brushed the 

 diseased bees on 10 frames of comb 

 foundation ; these I placed in a clean 

 hive, and placed them over a jar of 

 food. The old combs and frames were 

 burned up. This feed was continued 

 until the bees had built out and tilled 

 up the combs with brood and honey. 

 Other colonies were treated in the 

 same manner, and all became healthy 

 colonies. All did finely, and there 

 was no more foul brood. I fed these 

 bees, honey with about 25 per cent, of 

 water added, and to every quart of 

 food, an ounce of the following mix- 

 ture : 



Salicylic acid 16 grains. 



Soda borax 16 grains. 



Water 1 ounce. 



"Bees being without food eat it 

 readily. When an atomizer is used on 

 the combs, the medicine should be 

 only one-half as strong. B\' this 

 method, foul brood can be eradicated 

 without any loss, save that of the old 

 combs and frames." 

 n I have given the method in detail, as 

 it is none too long, and leaves but lit- 

 tle to be desired. I would suggest 

 that all of the frames and the inside of 

 the new hive into which the bees are 

 transferred, be sprayed first. The 

 English method consists in washing 

 the hive of the diseased bees in a solu- 

 tion of carbolic acid : 



Acid carbolic (Calvert's No. 5) . . .3 ounces. 



Glycerine 3 ounces. 



Mis and add hot water 1 quart. 



The best plan would be to place the 

 bees to be treated in a hive free from 

 diseases, and burn all of the diseased 

 hives. 



Too much care cannot be exercised 

 in the purchase of queens, as those 

 from infected districts are apt to carry 

 the disease with them. 



Murphys, Calif. 



A Nice Hooket Dictionary will be 



given as a premium for only one new 

 subscriber to this Journal, with $1.00. It 

 is a splendid little Dictionary — just the 

 right size for the pocket. Every school boy 

 and school girl, as well as everybody else, 

 should own and use it. Price, 35 cents. 



COIVVEXTIOIV DIRECTORY. 



1890. Time and place of meetlmj. 



Aug. 29.— Ualdimand, at South Cayuga, Ont. 



E. C. Campbell, Sec. Cayuga. Ont. 



Sept. 10.— Nebraska State, at Lincoln, Nebr. 



J. N. Heater, See., Columbus. Nebr. 



Sept. 10.— Ionia County, at Ionia. Mich. 



U. Smith. Sec, Ionia. Mich. 



Sept. 1:3.— Susquehanna Co., at Springville. Pa. 



H. M. Seeley, Sec, Uarford, Pa. 



Oct. 8.— S. W. Wisconsin, at Platteville, Wis, 



B. Rice. Sec, BoBcobel, Wis. 



Oct. 15.— Central Michigan, atLatlsing, Mich. 



W. A. Barnes, Sec, Lansing, Mich. 



Oct. 29-31.— International American, at Keokuk, la. 

 C. P. Dadant. Sec. Hamilton, Ills. 



In order to have this table complete. 

 Secretaries are requested to forward full 

 particulars of the time and the place of 

 each future meeting. — The Editor. 



International Bea-Association. 



President— Hon. R. L. Taylor.. Lapeer, Mich. 

 Secretary- C. P. Dadant Hamilton, Ills. 



National Bee-Keepers' Union. 



President— James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich 

 Seo'y. and Manager— T. G. Newman, Chicago 



SBl^^T^^ 



f^tkWT^R 



Pon<l-I..ilies and Wild-Kice. 



Will some one who lives close to pond- 

 liles and wild-rice, that grow in marshes, 

 tell me if they, or either, secrete much 

 honey, and the quality — whether it wUl 

 pay to move bees where either abounds in 

 large quantities * C. Reynolds. 



Fremont, Ohio. 



Poorest Season tor 35 Years. 



This has been the poorest season for bees- 

 that we have had in Eastern Ohio since I 

 have kept bees, which is 35 years. I have 

 36 colonies, and use the Falcon chaff hive. 

 I examined my bees to-day, and am satis- 

 fied that they have not 50 pounds of sealed 

 honey per colony in the sections. My cus- 

 tomers are asking me for honey every time 

 tbey see me. I am keeping bees for pleas- 

 ure, but I think that the pleasure would be 

 much greater if I had a ton ortwo of honey 

 to sell, instead of 200 or 300 pounds. I 

 winter my bees on the summer stands. 



Samuel Holibaugh. 



Marlboro, O., Aug. 18, 1890. 



Spacing tlie Brood-Combs. 



About May 1, 1890, I found acolouy just 

 as I had fixed it to put the boxes on the 

 year before. I often put the swarm on 8 

 frames, and a division-board each side in a 

 10-frame hive. A thin strip I4XI inch is 

 placed on the ends of the frames, and the 

 boxes put on ; so when I find a hive in this 

 condition, I know that I have not lifted a 

 frame after the boxes were put on last 

 year. This old hive is fully 16 inches 

 across the brood-frames, and these division- 

 boards are thin — less than % of an inch 

 thick. The reader can see here wide spac- 

 ing, or else room enough for another brood- 

 frame, or else another board. The fact is,, 

 the colony did a splendid job last year. 

 No time was wasted on waste comb, or ex- 

 tra gluing up of every thing. It so hap- 

 pened that I went to another hive of a very 



