I/O SURFACE GEOLOGY. 



In North Reading and Reading this series winds its way through extensive swamps, 

 intersected by Ipswich river ; in Wakefield much of its material has been removed by 

 human agencies ; in Melrose it is characterized by a plain with depressions. Its length 

 in Massachusetts is about twenty-five miles. 



The Haverhill series of kames is nearly parallel with the preceding, and about seven 

 miles distant. It appears in the north-east part of Auburn, near Eaton's mills; in 

 Chester, near Asa Wilson's ; in Sandown, with extensive sandy plains and numerous 

 ponds ; and in East Hampstead, where the ridges are well defined, extending to the 

 west side of Mt. Misery at the north line of Plaistow. A mile south-east from Mt. 

 Misery the kames occupy a large area, and are thence continuous through Plaistow and 

 the east part of Haverhill. They are well shown in Haverhill, near the old Whittier 

 house ; near the East Parish church ; and near Burns's mill. At the Whittier house 

 they seem to have been composed of coarse pebbles in contact with each other, sand 

 having subsequently sifted into the interstices. 



In Groveland they are partly covered with alluvium north of the depot. Rock pond 

 in Georgetown is bordered by a spur of this series, and divisions of it extend south 

 from both sides of Bald Pate hill. Wood pond and Four-mile pond in Boxford, Pritch- 

 ard's pond in Ipswich and Topsfield, and Muddy pond. Cedar pond, and Wenham 

 lake in Wenham and Beverly, are surrounded by these deposits, which extend nearly 

 to Beverly Cove. This series is not less than forty miles in extent. 



Between the southern portions of these series of kames an intermediate one appears 

 in Map 3, running from Topsfield with some interruptions to the depressions, or "dun- 

 geons," which we have described in Marblehead. Near Danversport these kames are 

 stratified, but farther north two or three fresh sections show no stratification. 



Kames also occur in a series still farther to the east, though perhaps less closely con- 

 nected with one another than the foregoing. They are well developed in the west part 

 of Spruce swamp in Fremont, where one of these ridges is occupied by a road. Kames 

 and bowl-shaped depressions border Great and Country ponds in Kingston. In the 

 east part of Newton and the south-west corner of South Hampton a large area is cov- 

 ered by reticulated ridges, 20 to 60 feet in height, and containing boulders 2 to 4 feet 

 in diameter. The long arm of Kimball pond in Amesbury is bordered on its north- 

 east side by the continuation of this series, which is here a single ridge of ordinary 

 gravel 20 to 40 feet high. 



Modified Drift along the Sea-Coast. 



The oldest and most prominent deposits of modified drift near our 

 coast are kame-like hills, elevated plains, and broad ridges, composed of 

 gravel, sand, and clay, the description of which is here continued from 

 page 164. The gently-sloping hill on which Rye village is situated, 

 nearly 100 feet above the sea, is mainly stratified gravel from 25 to 40 



