DESCRIPTION OF A CAMERA USED IN SKETCHING. 373 



llie help of a camera. Tliis is like a photograph, reproducing nature exactly. A com- 

 parison of the two styles of profiles will suggest many interesting i-emarks. 



The view from Monadnock is inserted by request, as it completely verifies the cor- 

 rectness of the scout Willard's report in 1725. He " saw Pigwackett lying one point 

 from sd mountain and Cusagee mountain and Winnipesockey laying north East of sd 

 Wannadnock." The mountains now called Pequawket, Kearsarge, and Gunstock may 

 be seen in precisely the positions given by Willard. This fact indicates the correctness 

 of the common application of the names Pequawket and Kearsarge. Within the past 

 two years the people of North Conway and Bartlett are beginning to write the name of 

 their mountain Kearsarge instead of Kiarsarge. 



APPENDIX J. 



DESCRIPTION OF A SHEET OF PROFILES TAKEN WITH A TOPOGRAPHICAL 



CAMERA. 



By J. Rayner Edhands. 



The topographical camera is a portable instrument, a modification of the old camera 

 obscura, by the aid of which one may draw the forms of objects as seen from the point 

 occupied, covering a large horizontal angle without distortion or variation of scale. A 

 description of it will be found in Appalachia, Volume I, page 169. 



In the summer of 1876, the writer, with the first instrument of the kind, visited several 

 White Mountain smnmits, to test its performance, hardly expecting at first to obtain 

 material of permanent value. When, therefore, the results proved worthy of publica- 

 tion, it became a matter of regret that they were so fragmentary in their nature ; for no 

 view had been drawn throughout the whole circle, and vacant foregrounds or hazy back- 

 grounds rendered much of the work unavailable. During the following summer a few 

 additional drawings were made ; but, owing to unforeseen circumstances, the omissions 

 of the year before were not generally supplied. It is also to be regretted that copies 

 of the camera drawings have not been carried, for revision, to the points at which they 

 were made. In presenting the profiles shown upon the accompanying plate in the Atlas, 

 the writer is conscious that much remains undone which would materially improve their 

 appearance, since he has rigidly adhered to the rule of showing nothing which does 

 not appear on the original drawings, except that a few conspicuous omissions are sup- 

 plied in dotted lines. 



The accuracy with which the relative positions of objects can be drawn has been 

 established by measurements upon independent profiles of the same subject, and also 

 by comparison with the readings of a telescopic instrument. In some cases, haze or 

 insufficient illumination may have caused the omission of lines or parts of lines ; in 

 some cases, subordinate lines may have been given undue prominence in making or 

 copying the drawing; but in general the forms may be relied upon in considerable 



