METALS AND THEIR ORES. 37 



last known as the Forsaith mine. The site of Paddock's mill is also 

 shown.* 



Copper. 



The region covered by these maps will first be considered. There are 

 at least four belts of cupreous rocks situated upon and adjacent to Gard- 

 ner mountain. Including some exposures in Waterford, the distance of 

 the remotest openings from each other is 12 miles. The richest veins 

 follow the mountain, and have been exploited principally upon the east 

 side. The rocks have been described heretofore as the Lisbon and Ly- 

 man divisions of the Upper Huronian, believed to correspond with the 

 lower copper belt of Lake Superior in age. The former of these divi- 

 sions consists mainly of our "greenstones" or chlorite schists, metamor- 

 phic diorites, and diabases, with dolomites. The latter or Lyman series 

 consists mainly of argillitic schists and slates passing into quartzites. 

 Both these formations carry copper. I do not feel confident that the 

 distinctions between these formations are well shown through Lyman 

 and Monroe. The principal portion of the mountain range consists of 

 the argillitic schist, agreeing in mineral composition with the kellas of 

 Cornwall. They are altered clays, containing more or less silica, some- 

 times passing into quartzites. The range to the east, represented by the 

 Quint mine in Littleton, and that in Monroe, are connected with the chlo- 

 ritic schists and diabases. The same series, with inferior copper seams, 

 crops out in Lisbon, underlying the village. 



The same formations are developed in Quebec province about Sher- 

 brooke, Ascot, Lennoxville, etc., where they are filled with copper veins. 

 More openings have been made in this formation in Quebec than in Ly- 

 man. A few of the mines there have turned out well, having been ope- 

 rated profitably for the past twelve years. Logan referred these rocks to 

 the altered Quebec group, a view adopted by us in our first annual report, 

 but abandoned soon after. 



The ore of copper is chalcopyrite, — the common yellow sulphuret of 

 iron and copper, — consisting of sulphur, 34.6; copper, 34.6; iron, 30.5 = 



* The positions of all the known pits and openings for copper are indicated by a bright color. Upon some of the 

 lots it is possible to observe six or seven of these openings upon veins parallel to one another. The accurate trac- 

 ing out of these subordinate lines is a matter of great difficulty, and can hardly be stated with precision at present. 

 Of the general arrangement and direction of the whole series, the map speaks plainly. 



