Alio: 19, 1875] 



NATURE 



323 



delcrminaiion of the places of deviation in telegraph lines, by 

 Fr. Schaak.- — Experiments on the plasticity of ice, by Prof. F. 

 Pfaff. These experiments have been minutely described under 

 our heading " Science in Germany." — On the behaviour of 

 certain fluorescent bodies towards oleum ricini, by Ch. Horner. — 

 On a new source of magnetism, by Donate Tommasi. — No. 6 : 

 On the temporary course of the polarisation current, by Prof. J. 

 Bernstein. — On the objections raised against Weber's law by 

 Tait, Thomson, and Ilelmholtz, by C. Neumann.— Researches 

 in spectrum analysis, by R. Bunsen. This paper will also 

 appear in detailed extract under our heading "Science in Ger- 

 many."— On the evidence of alternation of electricity by means 

 of flames, by F. Fuchs.— On the \ariations in the phases of 

 light when reflected from glass, by P. Glan (second paper).— On 

 the theory of laying and examining submarine telegraph lines, 

 by W. Siemens.— Researches on the magnetism of steel rods, 

 by C. Fromme. — On the permanently magnetic mornents of 

 magnetic rods and Hacker's formula : T = p 1^ Q x ^'Z, by L. 

 Kiilp. — On the influence of the texture of iron on its magnetism, 

 by the same. — On the passage of gases through thin layers of 

 liquids, by F. Exner. 



The Naturforscher, June. — From this pait we note the fol- 

 lowing papers : — On some phenomena of interference in circular 

 nets, by M. Soret. — On the simultaneous formation of two micro- 

 scopic minerals, by H. Fischer. — On the distortion of the images 

 reflected from the surface of water, with reference to some pheno- 

 mena observed on Lake Leman, by Ch. Dufour. — On the power 

 of diflusion in the soil of fields, by M. Grandeau.— On the tenor 

 of carbonic acid in the soil-gases of Klausenburg, by J. von 

 Fodor. — On the formation of the "terra rossa" from the shells 

 of Globigerina, by M. Neumayr. — On a strange dimorphism 

 among walnut trees {luglans regia), by F. Delpino. — On the 

 exhalation of carbonic acid by different animals, by Rud._ Pott. 

 — On a new source of magnetism, by Donato Tommasi. — On 

 some physical properties of collodion films, by E. Gripon.— 

 On the influence of oxygen upon life ; experiments made with 

 frogs which were placed in an atmosphere of nitrogen for some 

 time, by E. Pfliiger.- -On the action of coloured light upon the 

 assimilation of the mineral matter in plants, by Rud. Weber. — 

 On the principle of the dispersion of energy, by A. Fick.— 

 Light and electro-magnetism, by Ludw. Boltzmann. — On the 

 nitro compounds of the fatty series, by Victor Meyer (a long 

 paper taken from Liebig's Annalen der C/temie). — On hearing 

 with two ears, by F. P. le Roux. — On the adaption-power of 

 fresh-water molluscs breathing by lungs, by Th. von Siebold. 



Journal of the Franklin Institute, June. — The following are 

 the principal original articles in this number : — "The Centennial 

 Exhibition," with three plates. — " Account of some Experiments 

 made for the purpose of comparing the indication of Cassella's 

 Air Metres," by C. B. Richards, M.E. ; these experiments were 

 adverse to the trustworthiness of the metres. — " Sympathetic 

 Vibration," by H. A. Rowland, C.E. — "A new Veriical-Lan- 

 tern Galvanometer," by Prof. G. F. Barker.— "The rapid Corro- 

 sion of Iron in Railway Bridges," by W. Kent.—" Molecular 

 Changes in Metals," by Prof. R. H. Thurston. 



Froceedings oj the Bristol Naturalists' Society. New edition, 

 vol. i. Part 2. — The first thing that strikes one on opening this 

 part of the Bristol Society's Froceedings is the number of errata, 

 there being a list of about eighty mistakes which have been 

 allowed to slip into this and the previous number ; this is very 

 bad. The following are the titles of the papers contained in this 

 part :— " On Fish Remains in the Bristol Old Red Sandstone," 

 by S. Martyn, M.D. ; "On Ceratodus Forsten," hy \V . W. 

 Stoddart, F.G.S. ; "On the Physical Theory of Under-currents 

 and of Oceanic Circulation," by W. Lant Carpenter, B.A., 

 B.Sc. ; "Bristol Rotifers: their Haunts and Habits," by C. 

 Hudson, LL.D. ; " Notes on Tiias Dykes," by E. B. Tawney, 

 F.G.S. ; "Notes on the Radstock Lias," by E. B. Tawney, 

 F.G. S. ; "On the Geological Distribution of some of the Bristol 

 Mosies," by W. W. Stoddait, F.G.S.; "A Contribution to 

 the Theory of the Microscope and of Microscopic Vision. After 

 Dr. E. Abbe, Professor in Jena," by II. E. Fripp, M.D. ; 

 "The Geology of the Bristol Coal-field (Part II.)," by W. W. 

 Stoddart, F.G.S. ; " The Land and Fresh-water Mollusca of 

 the Bristol District," by A, Leipner ; " Notes on Bristol Fungi," 

 by C. E. Broome, F.L.S. ; "The Rainfall in Bristol during 

 J874," by G. F. Burder, M.D. 



Th» number* of the Nuovo Giornale Botanico Ilaliano for 

 January— July 1875 give evidence of the impulse given to the 



study of lichens by the recent theory as to their compound and 

 parasitic nature. We have in these numbers two elaborate 

 papers on this subject, based on careful elaborate research, and 

 both well illustrated, but coming to opposite contusions. A. 

 Borzi adopts the theory of Schwendener and Sachs that the 

 gonidia of lichens have no genetic afiinity with the hyphre, but 

 that the latter are of the nature of ascomycetous fungi parasitic 

 on the former. G. Arcangeli, on the other hand, inclines to the 

 views of Nylander and Tulasne that many algae belonging to the 

 families Protococcacea;, Nostocacea?, and Rivulariea;, are nothing 

 but special foniis of the gonidia of lichens ; but that the go- 

 nidia are true lichen-organs. Prof. Caruel has a short note 

 on the so-called viviparous leaves of Begonia, in which he shows 

 that the adventitious buds are in reality metamorphosed hairs. 

 Prof. Beccari has some remarks on the Rafiiesiacea;, supple- 

 mentary to Dr. Hooker's monograph of the order in De Can- 

 dolle's " Prodromus." He makes five species of Rafflesia — R. 

 Arnoldii, R. Titan, R. Fatma, R. Rochussenii, and R. Cumin' 

 gii, besides a doubtful one, R. Horsfieldti ; four of Jlydnora, 

 viz., H. africana, //. ahysinica, II. bogociensis, H. triceps; and 

 one Frosofanche — F. Bunneisterii {Ilydnora- americana). These 

 three numbers contain, in addition, many other oscful and im- 

 portant papers, 



Zeitschrift der Oisterreichischen Gesellschaft fiir Meleorologie, 

 July 15. — This number contains an article on the calculation of 

 the arithmetical mean of constant quantities, by Herr Wilczek, 

 and another on the ventilation of the St. Gothard Tunnel. 



Bulletin of the Essex Institute, 1874 (Salem, U.S.)— A notable 

 incident in the history of this excellent American Society during 

 1874, was a visit from the late Rev. C. Kingsley, who delivered 

 a lecture on Westminster Abbey, and in whose honour a recep- 

 tion was afterwards held. The following are the principal scien- 

 tific papers in the Bulletin : — Mr. F. W. Putnam, one of the 

 most active members of the Society, contributes the following :— 

 " Rare Fishes taken in Salem, Beverly, and Marblehead Har- 

 bours ; " On Black Fish taken in'Salem Harbour ; " " Notice of 

 a Skull from shell-bed, in Rock Island ;" " On Teeth of a large 

 Shark, probably Carcharis {Prionodon) lamia;" "On the 

 Shell-heaps at Eagle Hill;" "Notice of some important Dis- 

 coveries of the Hayden Exploring Expedition ;" " Remarks on 

 a Collection of living specimens of Fishes and Cray pikes 

 from Mammoth Cave." Other papers are: — "Notes on the 

 Mammals of portions of Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, and 

 Utah," by J. A. Allen; "On the Fertilisation of Flowers," 

 by E. S. Morse; "Notes on examination of four species of 

 Chitons," by W. H. Dall ; " On the Change of Colour in 

 Leaves in Autumn," by E. C. Bollcs ; "On the Theory of 

 Evolution," by E. S. Morse ;' " Lists of Birds observed from 

 Sacramento to Salt Lake City," by R. Ridgway. 



The Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, fasc. v., contains the follow- 

 ing papers : — On the oxidation of sulphur, by E. PoUacci. The 

 author describes some interesting experiments he made with 

 flowers of sulphur which he oxidised into sulphuric acid in a 

 number of different ways. —Researches on the products of the 

 action of urea upon asparagine and on aspartic acid, by J. 

 Guareschi. — Preliminary note upon parabanic and oxaluric acids, 

 by the same. — On the vegetation of Oxalis acetosella, Runiex 

 acetosa, and acetosella in a soil which contains no potash, by M. 

 Mercadante. — Account of experiments made with artificial soils 

 and of the anomalies observed in the plants obtained.— On t.ome 

 properties of ferric orthophosphate, by F. Sestini. — Extract of 

 some memoirs read at the Academy of Sciences at Bolojna on 

 researches on the poisonous alkaloids, by F. Selmi. These 

 were on some new distinguishing properties and some newly dis- 

 covered reactions. — There is the usual number of extracts from 

 other journals. 



Kongl. Vetenskaps Akademient Fordhandlingar (Stockholm), 

 Feb. 10. — This part containi the following papers : — On the 

 introduction of elliptic functions into astronomical problems, by 

 II. Gylden. — Hepaticat; Pyranaicae circa Luchon crescentes, by 

 J. E. Zctterstedt.- Researches on the chemical composition of 

 magnetic iron ore, by G. Lindstrom. — On the Oniscoidtae of 

 North America, by A. Stuxberg.— On some new Lithiobioe of 

 the same country, by the same.— On a Lithobius borcalis 

 Meinert, found in Sweden, by the same. — Researches on the 

 Syrphus butterfly in its three states of development, by F. Try- 

 bom (with plate). — On the Arachnidae of Gotland and Oland, by 

 G. F. Neuman.— On old ore deposits and their present usei, by 

 O, GumaeUus. 



