January 27, 192 1] 



NATURE 



713 



obtained from the record offices of the larger States. 

 They therefore give a general survey of the whole 

 topic rather than detailed descriptions of conditions at 

 any one place. The arrangement is chiefly chrono- 

 logical, but in places documents dealing with the same 

 subject have been brought together irrespective of 

 their real sequence. Brief narratives have been in- 

 serted between some of the records in order that the 

 reader may have the less difficulty in following the 

 train of events which led to the production of the 

 various documents. 



The Department of Industrial .Administration at 

 the College of Technology, .Manchester, has now been 

 running for more than two years, and, judged by the 

 prospectus of classes for the 1920-21 session, it has 

 successfully organised a very elaborate and complete 

 scheme of teaching. It offers a full-time course in 

 industrial administration, which includes a series of 

 forty-two lectures by the director. Prof. Stanley Kent, 

 and others, a short course of laboratory work in 

 industrial fatigue, and visits to works in the neigh- 

 bourhood. Still more elaborate is the six months' 

 course of training in welfare work, which is designed 

 to supplement the University course on social study. 

 The part-time student is offered two evening courses, 

 each of twenty-six lectures, whilst shorter courses of 

 a more technical nature are offered in engineering and 

 in the cotton industry. .Mso Prof. T. H. Pear is 

 Civing a course of lectures in industrial psychology. 

 In order to ensure that the Department should be 

 kept in close touch with practice, a number of experts 

 have been invited from time to time to deliver public 

 lectures. Some of these lectures have been reprinted 

 nwA issued in volume form, and they were very favour- 

 ably reviewed in the columns of Nature a few months 

 ago. Again, the department is undertaking advanced 

 research work on a diversity of subjects, which in- 

 clude psychological problems of industry, the working 

 conditions in various industries, and technical ques- 

 tions dealing with machine- and hand-cutting tools. 



The annual repwrt of the Royal Technical College, 

 Glasgow, for the year iqK)-2o contains not only an 

 account of its activities during the past year, but also 

 a brief summary of events and conditions at the 

 institution during the war period. The most impor- 

 tant of the latter was the recognition of the college 

 as a .school of university standing by the Treasury 

 University Grants Committee : a preliminary recur- 

 rent grant of 3000I. and two non-recurrent grants of 

 6000/. and 40002. respectively to meet special expendi- 

 ture arising out of the war were made. The balance- 

 sheet of the college still shows a deficit, however — 

 the income is i;4,oR4/. and the expernliture >7,40o'- — in 

 spite of the fart that students' fees already bring in 

 30 per cent, of the total income and annual grants 

 of JoooJ. each have been received from the Bella- 

 houston Trustees and the Carnegie University Trust. 

 The number of students attending courses during 

 i9lC)-2o rose to efiqo, of which 1131; were day and 

 'ce? evening pupils — figures which exceed those for 

 1913-14 bv 466 and 213 respectively. To meet this 

 influx while the staff was much under strength the 

 first-year courses were triplicated. A summary giving 

 the number of enrolments in each denartment of the 

 colkgc shows that for full-time students chemistry 

 Is the preat attraction, while of the evenini? students 

 the maioritv attend courses in mechanics. The latter 

 are designed to provide for the hifher studies which 

 ran be developed from the series of aflfiliafed evening 

 classes conducted by the neichbouring countv educa- 

 tion authorities in roniuncfion with the college. A 

 Ferguson research fellowship in chemistry of the 

 value of 200I. ner annum has hern founded by the 

 trustees of the Ferguson Beonest Fund. 



NO. 2674, VOL. 106] 



Calendar of Scientific Pioneers. 



January 27, 1823. Charles Hutton died.— A 



labourer's son and largely self-taught, Hutton became 

 professor of mathematics at the Royal Military 

 .\cademy, Woolwich. From Maskelyne's experiments 

 he calculated for the first time the mean density of 

 the earth. 



January 27, 18S1. John James Audubon died.— Of 



French descunt, .\udubon was born at Now Orleans, 

 and devoted his life to the study of the birds of North 

 .America. 



January 27, 1873. Adam Sedgwick died.— The con- 

 temporary of Murchison and Lycll, Sedgwick was 

 "one of the greatest leaders in the heroic age of 

 geology." 



January 28, 1687. Johann Hevel or Hevellus died.— 



Seven years before the end of tlie disastrous Thirty- 

 Years' War, which nearly extinguished the study of 

 science in Germany, Hevelius built an observatory 

 and set up a printing press at Danzig, and by his 

 subsequent labours earned for himself the reputation 

 of "the greatest observer after Tycho Brahe." 



January 29, 1859. William Cranch Bond died.— The 

 first director of Harvard Observatory, Bond in 1848, 

 simultaneously with Lassell, discovered Hyperion, one 

 of the satellites of Saturn; and on November 15, 1850, 

 observed the "Crape" ring, a dusky ring within the 

 inner portion of Saturn's bright ring. 



January 30, 1888. Asa Cray died.- Born in i8io. 

 Gray for many years occupied the chair of natural 

 history at Harvard and wrote numerous works on 

 the flora of North .\merir.-i. 



February 1, 1873. Matthew Fontaine Maury died.— 

 .•\ naval officer and first director of the Naval Observa- 

 tory at Washington, Maury became the foremost 

 hvdrographer of his day. 



February 1, 1903. Sir George Gabriel Stokes died. 



— Lucasian professor at Cambridge for fifty-four 

 years, secretary and president of the Royal Society, 

 Member of Parliament, and foreign associate of the 

 Institute of France, the influence of Stokes in the 

 world of science was scarcely less than that of Kelvin. 

 His own investigations referred mainly to the motion 

 of fluids and to optics. He was a pioneer in the 

 discovery and development of spectrum analysis, 

 discusscci the nature of fluorescence, and is 

 regarded as the virtual founder of the modern science 

 of geodesy. 



February 2, 1704. Guillaume Antoine de I'Hospltal, 

 Marquis de St. Mesme, died.— His ".Analyse des In- 

 finini.nts Petits " (i6<)6) was the first treatise on the 

 infinilosini.il c.ilrulus. 



February 2, 1907. Dmitri Ivanovitsch Mendelieff 

 died, — Mendcl(5eff was born in 1834 at Tobolsk, in 

 Siberia, and from an exile he gained his first know- 

 ledge of science. In 1850, his father being de.id, the 

 family removed to Petersburg, where at the age of 

 thirty-two, having est.ablished a reputation as an 

 investigator, he was made professor of general 

 chemistry in the l^niycrsitv. Three years later, in 

 March, 'i860, before the Russian Chemical Society, 

 he enunciated the "periodic law." Foreshadowed by 

 Newlands and others and confirme<I by Lothar Meyer, 

 this great generalisation, connecting the properties of 

 the elements with their atomic weights, made his 

 name widely known, and by it he was able to predict 

 the existence of elements hitherto unknown but after- 

 wards discovered. 



E. C. S. 



