April 1 8, 1889] 



NATURE 



587 



the Britannia and Conway Bridges ; " Elementary Treatise on 

 F.lectrical Measurement ; " anrl (jointly with R. Sibine) " Elec- 

 trical Tables and Formulre." Author of various papers on 

 Electric Measurement, and on various branches of Engineering 

 Science, published in Report of the Brit. Assoc, the Govern- 

 ment Rep irt on Submarine Cables, and the Engineering 

 Journals. Introduced a standard voltaic cell of great import- 

 ance and value for promoting accurate measurement of electric 

 potentials, and presented a paper on this subject to the Royal 

 Society, which was read June 19, 1873. From 1848-51 was 

 Resident Assistant Engineer at the Britannia Tubular Bridge, 

 under the late Robert Stephenson. In 1851 became Engineer to 

 the Electric and International Telegraph Company, and re- 

 mained in this service for 20 years, part of the time as Engineer- 

 in-Chief. Made important observations on the passage of 

 electiicity through long underground lines, of which the results 

 were the subject of Faraday's Bakerian Lecture of 1854, and are 

 given in his "Experimental Refearches," with Faraday's own 

 experiments and theory. In 1854 introduced the system of 

 transmitting messages through "pneumatic-despatch tubes " in 

 the Electric Telegraph Company's service. The system is 

 continued in the Postal Telegraph system of the Government, 

 having been found admirably successful and useful. 



^^LPavid Douglas Cunningham, M.B, CM, (Edin ), 



^^^KL. S., Surgeon-Major, Beng. Med. Service, Honorary Surgeon 

 ^^^B the Viceroy of India. Professor of Physiology, Medical 

 ^^^fellege, Calcutta. Fellow of the University of Calcutta, 

 ^^^■btinguished as the author of numerous original scientific 

 ^^^Benioirs in connection with Animal and Vegetable Physiology 

 ^^^■d Pathology, among which may be noted: — "On certain 

 ^^^HjICects of Starvation on Vegetable and Animal Tissues ; " 

 ^^^BOn the Development of certain Microscopic Organisms 

 ^^^■Curring in the Intestinal Canal;" "On the relation of 

 HpBnolera to Schizomycete Organi'^ms ; " and (in conjunction 

 ■™ with the late Dr. T. R. Lewis, F.R.S., elect.) of the following 

 papers relating to the E'iology of Cholera and other Diseases : — 

 "A Report of Microscopical and Physiological Researches into 

 the Nature of the Agent or Agents producing Cholera ;" " The 

 Soil in its Relation to Disease ;" "Cholera in Relation to certain 

 Physical Phenomena ;" "The Fungus Disease of India ;" Lep- 

 rosy in India ;" &c., &c. Distinguished as an eminent Indian 

 Physiologist and Pathologist. 



Lazarus Fletcher, M.A, .(O.xon), 

 F.G.S., F.C.S., Memb. Phys. Soc. President of the Minera- 

 logical Society. Late Scholar of Balliol College, and Fellow of 

 University College, Oxford. Late Millard Lecturer on Physics, 

 Trinity College, and Junior Demonstrator at the Clarendon 

 Laboratory at Oxford. Senior University Mathematical Scholar, 

 1876. Late Examiner in the Natural Science SchooK in Oxford 

 and Cambridge. Keeper of the Mineralogical Department, 

 British Museum. Conducted the re-arrangement of the Minerals 

 in the new Museum at South Kensington, and by his descriptions 

 of these in the "Guides" published by the Trustees of the 

 British Museum, has contributed valuable aid to the ^-tu^lents of 

 Crystallography and Mineralogy. Is the Author of many 

 memoirs in the Journal of the Crystallological Society, and 

 recently that of the Mineralogical Society (with which the former 

 Journal has been united) on various minerals, including Copper, 

 Silver, Gold, Bismuth, Sulphur, Najjyagite, Realgar, Zircon, 

 Skutterudite, and Copper Pyrites, and of two important mathe- 

 matical memoirs on the Dilatation of Crystals on Change of 

 Temperature, in Phil. Mag. i88o and 1885. 



William Botting Hemslev, 



A.L.S. Assistant for India in the Herbarium of the Royal 

 I wardens, Kew, Entered the Kew Herbarium in 1863; assist- 

 ance acknowledged by G. Bentham, F.R.S., in preface to Flora 

 Australiensis, 1863 ; A.L.S., 1875; Lecturer on Botany at .St. 

 Mary's Hospital, 1876; author of numerous papers on Systematic 

 Botany, which, together with his larger works, have given him 

 an authoritative position in this branch of science ; author of the 

 Botany (5 vols, 4to) of the " Biologia Central i- Americana," 

 1879-88 ; joint author with Brigade- Surgeon Aitchison, F.R.S., 

 of memoirs on the botanical collections of the several Afghan 

 e\nedilions(Joiirn. Linn, Soc, xviii. pp. 29-113, 18S0 ; xix. pp. 

 200, 1883; Trans. Linn. Soc, 2nd Ser. III. pp. I-139, 

 S) ; engaged by sub-committee of the Government Grant 



Committee to prepare the "Index Florae Sinemis," an enumera- 

 tion of all known Chinese plants (in course of publication, 

 Journ, Linn. Soc, xxiii. 1886-88, et seq.). 



Charles Thomas Hudson, M.A., 

 LL.D. (Cantab.). President of ihe Royal Microscopical Sociely 

 (1888). Was I5ih Wrangler, 1852. Joint author of Hudson 

 and Gosse's " Rotifera." Discoverer of Pedalion minim, and 

 of numerous new genera and species of Rotifera, descr.bed in 

 papers published in the Journ. Roy. Micros. Soc, Quart. Journ. 

 Micros. Sci., and the Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist, frc m 1869 to the 

 present year. Specially distinguished for his 1-nowledge of the 

 Rotifera, concerning which he is the chief living authority. 

 [" The genus Pedalion discovered and described by Dr. Hud: on 

 is one of the most remarkable and important ccntributions to 

 animal morphology of the past twenty years," — E. R. L.] 



Thomas McKenny Hughes, M.A, 



F.G.S., F.S.A. Professorial Fellow of Clare Coll. Camb, 

 Chev. Ord. SS™™ Maur. et Lazar. Ital. President Brit. Com- 

 mittee, Internat. Geol. Congress. President Chester Nat. Hist. 

 Soc Hon. Memb. Soc. Geol. de Belg. Memb. Soc. Geol. de 

 P>ance. Memb. Soc Geol. d'ltalia, &c., &c. Woodwardian 

 Professor of Geology, Cambridge. Author of the following 

 papers :— " On the Junction of the Thanet Sand and the Chalk," 

 &c. (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 1866, vol. xxii. p. 402) ; "Geology 

 of Parts of Westmoreland and Yorkshire " (Proc. Geol. and Pol. 

 Soc. W. Riding, Yoiks. 1867) ; " Break between Upper and 

 Lower Silurian Rocks, LaKe District" {Geol. Mag. 1867, p. 

 346) ; " The Two Plains of Hertfoidshire and their Gravels " 

 (Quart. Journ. Geol, Soc, 1868, vol. xxiv. p. 283) ; " Part of the 

 Geology of the London Basin" (Mem. Geol. Surv. iv. 1872). 

 Memoirs Geol, Surv, — Explanation of Quarter Sheet 98, N,E,, 

 and of ditto S.E. (1872). "Man in the Crag" {Geol. Mag. 1872, 

 vol. ix. p. 247); "Exploration of Cave Ha, York>hire" (Journ, 

 Anthrop. Inst. 1874); " Felstone Implements in Pontnewydd 

 Cave" {ibid.); "Classification of the Sedimentary Roclis " 

 (Brit. Assoc. Rept. 1875); "Geological Measures of Time " 

 (Royal Inst. March, 1876) ; " Silurian Grits, Corwen, N. 

 Wales" (Quart. Journ, Geol, Soc 1877, vol. xxxiii. p. 207); 

 "Evidence afforded by Gravels and Brickecrih" (as to remains 

 of Man) (Journ. Anthrop. Inst. 1877) ; " Pre-Cambrian Rocks 

 of Bangor" (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 1878, vol xxxiv. p. 137) ; 

 " Relation and Duration of Forms of Life on the Earth to the 

 Breaks in the Sedimentary Rocks " (Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 

 1879) ; " Silurian Rocks of the Vale of Clwyd " (Quart. Journ. 

 Geol. Soc, vol. xxxv. p. 694); "The Pre-Cambrian Rocks of 

 Caernarvon " {ibid., p. 682 ; " Transiiort of Fine Mud, &c,, by 

 Conferva" (Camb. Phil. Soc, Feb. 1880) ; "The Altered Rocks 

 of Anglesea" {ibid.); "Evidence of Later Movements of 

 Elevation and Depression in British Isles" (Vict, Inst., 

 March, 1880); "On the Geology of Anglesea" (Quart. 

 Journ. Geol. Soc. 1880, vol. xxxv-. p, 237) j " Geology of 

 the Vale of Clwyd" (Chester Soc. ^at, Sci,, Nov. 

 1880); Second Paper on "Geology of Anglesea" (Quart. 

 Journ. Geol. Soc, 1882, vol. xxxviii. p. 16) ; " On the Brecciated 

 Bed in the Dimetian at St. David's " {Geol. Mig. 1883, p. 306) ; 

 " Report of Excursion of the Geol. Assoc, to Bangor, Snowdon, 

 Holyhead, &c," (Proc. Geol, Assoc, vol, viii., July 1883) » 

 "Fossils in Pleistocene Gravels, Barnwell, near Cambridge" 

 {Geol. Mag., 1883, p. 454); "Tracts of Terrestrial and Fresh- 

 water Animals" (Quart. Journ. Geol, Soc, 1884); "On so- 

 called ' SpOHs^ia paradoxica' from the Red and White Chalk, 

 Hunstanton" (iHd.) ; Report of the Excursion of the Geol. 

 Assoc, to Cambridge (Proc. Geol. Assoc. 1884); "On some 

 Perched Blocks" (Quart. Journ; Geol. Soc, 1886); "On 

 Caves" (Vict. Inst., 1887) ; " DrilU of the Vale of Clwyd, in 

 relation to the Caves " (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, 1887) ; " Some 

 Brecciated Rocks in the Archaean of Malvern" (Geol. Mag. 

 1887) ; "On Bursting Rock Surfaces" {Geol. Mag., Nov. 1887). 



Edward B, Poulton, M.A, (Oxon,), 

 F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.G.S, Tutor of Keble College Lecturer 

 in Natural Science, Jesus College, Oxford. Distinguished as a 

 zoologist, and especially for investigations upon the colours of 

 insects. Author of the following, among other papers : — " The 

 Tongue of Peratneles nasuta" {Quart, yonrn. Micros. Science, 

 January 1883); "The Tongue of Ornithorhynchus paradoxus" 

 {Quart. Journ. Micros. Sticnce, July, 1883) ; "On the Tongues 

 of Marsupialia" (Proc, Zool, Soc, December, 1883). Papers 

 relating to the subject of colour and marking in insects, in 



